ArborTIMES™ Fall 2025

ArborTIMES™ is a digital publication for the tree care industry that delivers tree care business, safety, and equipment news.

Issue 13 | Fall 2025 arbortimes.org

Tree Care Business, Safety, and Equipment News

PAYING IT FORWARD HOW THE TREE CARE INDUSTRY IS UPLIFTING COMMUNITIES

EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENTS FOR SOIL AERATION AND ROOT HEALTH

SPRAINS, STRAINS, AND FALLS

BUILDING A SAFETY CULTURE THAT PROTECTS ARBORISTS

CARING FOR YOUR CLIMBING ROPES EXTENDING LIFESPAN AND ENSURING SAFETY

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EDITOR'S NOTE

Falling Into Focus A Season for Reflection and Renewal

As the air turns crisp and leaves begin their annu- al transformation, fall offers us more than seasonal beauty – it provides the perfect moment for reflection and reassessment. For many in the tree care industry, this time of year marks the close of the busiest season and the beginning of planning for what lies ahead. Now is the time to revisit company goals and measure progress against the benchmarks set at the start of the

On the cover: Volunteers performing tree care at the Florida National Cemetery during the 2025 Saluting Branches Day of Service. Source: Richard May

Amy Kent, Editor

ISSUE 13, FALL 2025

year. Are sales and service projections on track? Do upcoming months require a shift in strategy or resources? By taking an honest look at performance, leaders can make informed adjustments before winter slows operations and the next growth season begins. But fall reflection is not limited to the bottom line. Company culture — how teams communicate, support one another, and uphold safety and professionalism — deserves equal attention. A healthy culture does not just improve employee satis- faction; it directly influences client trust, jobsite safety, and long-term retention. Our fall issue offers a variety of opportunities to reflect on your individual and company goals. In our feature story, find out how fellow tree care professionals are making lasting relationships and positive impacts on the communities they serve. Learn how to cut costs by prolonging the life of essential gear in our Small Equipment column. And of course, get all of the must-know information on this year’s ArborSPORTS™ and Arbor AWARDS™ and earn the recognition you and your company deserve. In many ways, fall is about balance: celebrating the successes of the season, recog- nizing where improvements are needed, and setting a clear path forward. This in- tentional pause creates space for businesses to strengthen their foundation before the cycle of work renews in the spring. As you turn these pages, consider where your company stands today – and where you want it to be when the next growth cycle begins. Use this season to revisit what drives your work: your people, your purpose, and your passion for trees. Whether you are tightening up your business practices, recognizing your crew’s hard work, or simply taking stock of how far you have come, now is the time to invest in the future roots of your success. At ArborTIMES™, we encourage you to take advantage of this natural reset. Use the season to sharpen your vision, invest in your people, and lay the groundwork for a stronger year ahead.

PUBLISHER Sachin Mohan: mohan@arbortimes.org EDITOR Amy Kent: editor@arbortimes.org ASSOCIATE EDITOR Mara Watts: mara@arbortimes.org ART/TECH DIRECTOR Richard May: info@arbortimes.org SAFETY AND TRAINING ADVISORS Jared Abrojena Bob Lehman Korey Conry Ken Palmer Robert Phillips Aaron Dickinson SENIOR ADVISORS Dane Buell Mark Garvin PRODUCED BY EDGE AHEAD ASSOCIATES For editorial and advertising inquiries: 1 Store Hill Rd, PO BOX # 334 Old Westbury, NY 11568 Tel. (516) 399-2627 Email: mohan@arbortimes.org Web: arbortimes.org No part of this publication may be reproduced without written consent of the publisher. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the publisher cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions that may occur. All uncredited photography is either supplied or sourced from a stock image bank or is public domain.

Stay grounded,

Amy Kent

TO SUBSCRIBE email: info@arbortimes.org or subscribe online: arbortimes.org/subscribe

ArborTIMES ™ Fall 2025 | 3

Table of Contents

ISSUE 13, FALL 2025

ArborTIMES™ is a fully digital publication for the tree care industry. It is produced by Edge Ahead Associates, creator of ArborEXPO™, the industry’s first indoor/outdoor tradeshow and conference for arborists and green industry professionals. We’re connecting with experts, business owners, master trainers, and more to identify top stories and educational opportunities to deliver right to your inbox on a quarterly basis.

PAYING IT FORWARD By Veronica Sparks

The tree care industry is showcasing its impact beyond technical work by invest- ing in communities, prioritizing quality, promoting sustainability, and advancing safety and innovation for the future.

BREAKING NEW GROUND WITH EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENTS By TJ Yurko

Soil compaction is one of the greatest threats to urban trees, depriving their roots of air, water, and nutrients. To combat this, arborists are using advanced excavator attachments designed to break up compacted soil, protect roots, and restore tree health.

EDITOR’S NOTE 3 As the busy season winds down, it offers companies a chance to assess progress, refine goals, and strengthen both strategy and culture before winter.

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Check out the latest products and services offered by the best brands in the tree care industry.

Hummerbee............................................. 30 Leguan Lifts............................................. 55 Morbark.....................................................11 Northern Atlantic Financial.......................... 69 Quest Products LLC....................................51 RBG Inc....................................................13 SavATree.................................................. 63 Sennebogen............................................. 25 Tracked Lifts............................................... 2 UP Equipment...........................................37

Ballard Truck Center................................... 35 Bandit. ...................................................... 5 BIK Boom Trucks....................................... 45 CMC North America....................................17 Custom Truck One Source........................... 60 Doggett....................................................24 Dyna Products.......................................... 59 EZ-Ject.................................................... 53 Gene Bridges Memorial Scholarship Fund...... 42 Granum. .................................................... 7 Greenworks...............................................47

Almstead..................................................22 Altec........................................................ 41 Arbor AWARDS™....................................... 43 ArborEXPO™..............................................70 Arbornote. ................................................ 16 ArborSystems........................................... 54 ArborTIMES™............................................ 36 Advertiser Index

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SPRAINS, STRAINS, AND FALLS By Mara Watts

While major incidents like falls and chainsaw accidents draw most safety attention in the tree care industry, everyday injuries such as strains and sprains can be just as damaging over time.

CARING FOR YOUR CLIMBING ROPES By Jenny Cohen

GIVING THE ALL CLEAR FOR DROP ZONE SAFETY By TJ Yurko Drop zone safety is crucial yet often overlooked in tree work. Staying alert to falling branches, equipment issues, and communication errors helps protect arborists, crews, and the public from preventable accidents. RETURN OF ARBORSPORTS™ AND ARBOR AWARDS™ By ArborTIMES™ Whether you are competing, cheering on your crew, or looking to celebrate industry excellence, these events promise excitement, inspira- tion, and opportunities you will not want to miss.

KEEPING GREEN THROUGH THE COLD By Ariel Slick As cold, dry weather arrives, frost and wind can severely damage plants. Applying anti-desiccant sprays creates a protective coating that helps plants retain moisture and withstand harsh winter conditions. For those working among the limbs, a climbing rope is a vital lifeline for safety and efficiency. Since ropes degrade with use, dirt, and moisture, regular care and timely replacement are key to preventing accidents.

WE WOULD LOVE TO HEAR FROM YOU

SAGE ADVICE By ArborTIMES™

• Pests and Challenges to Watch for in 2026 • Staying Fueled and Limber on the Job • Budget-Friendly Rigging Kits And more! OUR WINTER ISSUE COMING IN JANUARY

Got a story idea you’d like to see? Send your ideas to editor@arbortimes.org . Do you have photos of your crew in action? Send them to info@arbortimes.org. Proper techniques and PPE — hard hats, eye and hearing protection, and fall protection — are a must for photos depicting field work.

Drawing on his back- ground as a firefighter, paramedic, and business owner, industry expert Bob Mead offers insights on safety, leadership, and lifelong learning to inspire both veteran and emerging arborists.

6 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

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The Saluting Branches Day of Service offers tree care professionals a meaningful way to pay tribute to our veterans by enhancing the beauty and safety of their final resting places.

8 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

Across the country, tree care companies are investing in their communities and prioritizing quality work to ensure excellence.

Paying It Forward How the Tree Care Industry is Uplifting Communities for Today and Tomorrow By Veronica Sparks

The tree care industry is often recognized for its tech- nical expertise when it comes to pruning branches, removing hazardous trees, and preserving land- scapes. Yet many of our companies are proving that their work extends far beyond the physical tasks at hand. Across the country, tree care companies are investing in their communities, prioritizing quality work to ensure excellence, embracing sustainability, and advancing safety and innovation to strengthen the industry for future generations. By “paying it forward” in these ways, the tree care in- dustry, as a whole, is building legacies not only in the landscapes we shape but in the lives we touch. COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS Tree care companies have long been woven into the fabric of local communities, offering resources that extend beyond standard services. For many of our in- dustry’s businesses, community outreach is not sim- ply an add-on, but a cornerstone of company culture. At Stanley Tree Service based in Smithfield, R.I., employees regularly dedicate time and resources to local initiatives.

Stanley Tree Service displays Breast Cancer awareness flag on Steeple Street for Flames of Hope WaterFire event, in partnership with the Gloria Gemma Breast Cancer Resource Foundation.

ArborTIMES ™ Fall 2025 | 9

continual investment in the commu- nity. The company spends more than $50,000 annually, and the Wonderland team contributes roughly 300 hours of service every year. One of their hallmark events is an annu- al kids’ climbing event that takes place every April at a two-day Arbor Day festival. For this program alone, the company invests 175 “It’s our biggest company initiative, and it started somewhere around 2001. We teach kids how to climb with a rope and saddle, with a strong focus on doing it safe- ly,” Golan said. “We’ll probably put anywhere from 200 to 400 kids up in the tree throughout the weekend, depending on the weather.” He also explained that the company puts on similar events for environ- mental nonprofits at various summer camps and community days. Wonder- land employees volunteer eagerly for these community events, knowing their time is an investment in both the community and the next generation of arborists. overtime hours as well as $18,000 for climbing equip- ment and other materials.

Every April, Wonderland Tree Care hosts one of its signature events: a two-day Arbor Day festival featuring a beloved kids’ climbing experience.

N.Y., carries forward a similar tradition of community involvement. President David Golan noted that giving back to the community has been part of the company’s identity since its found- ing in the 1970s. At the 2025 Arbor AWARDS™, Wonderland received one of three Service Tree Awards for its

“We’re always actively looking for things that we can help out with in any kind of way,” explained Emma Sener- chia, Stanley’s marketing specialist. “Especially if it’s a service that we can deliver because we have the manpow- er and the equipment and the ability to help.” Stanley’s crews have helped with com- munity projects ranging from memo- rials to school partnerships, donating both labor and materials to community causes. This past summer, the Kinney Azalea Garden in South Kingston had an ash borer issue on its 16 acres of land. The problem was destroying ash trees and creating hazards for those enjoying the landscape. Stanley Tree Service stepped in and removed eight trees in two days. “That was something that made a big impact,” Senerchia said. “Even without the hazard being involved, it was some- thing that changed the overall look of the entire garden.”

Wonderland Tree Care in Oyster Bay,

During National Arbor Day, Bartlett Tree Experts gave away more than 50,000 tree seedlings in communities throughout the U.S. as part of the Bartlett Legacy Tree Program.

10 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

For Tree Care Partners, John Haehnel, vice president of operations and safe- ty, stated that benevolence isn’t always about name recognition. It’s about building a good rapport and relation- ship with the community. “To the people that we see every day in and around our service area,” he said. “It shows that we’re not just here to generate money. We’re here for the community.” Haehnel explained that Tree Care Partners’ community engagements sometimes take the form of small but meaningful contributions. Among their charitable efforts, the company partic- ipates in the local Arbor Day celebra- tions, assists with fire department calls and rescues, and contributes hours and resources to veterans’ associations, youth sports, and many other initia- tives. He discussed one example of sim- ply donating half a day’s work to local organizations or providing equipment to scout projects.

Stanley Tree Service contributes hours, expertise, and trees to local veterans ' cemet e ries in order to maintain a beautiful space and honor those who served our country.

“The guys get paid, but the company absorbs that cost,” he explained. “And it just boosts the relationships that we have with our local organizations.” SMALLER EFFORTS MATTER Across these examples, many tree care

companies demonstrate that benevolence doesn’t always require large budgets. “Even if you’re able to take down a tree that a neighbor is unable to afford the service of,” Senerchia observed. “That in itself is a big thing, and it’s helping in your own way.”

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sures that communities maintain valu- able environmental assets. Haehnel also shared that when you simply remove a large number of trees, you’re eliminating a custom- er. Preserving trees, when possible, gains your company long-term clients with future opportunities for pruning, fertilizing, etc. “This is one thing that’s really bol- stered our reputation over the years,” he added. “Our quality of work, word of mouth, and standing behind our work.” At Wonderland, quality is reinforced by continuous training and a culture of ex- cellence. Golan shared how their staff use both volunteer days and client proj- ects as opportunities for safety training and employee development. “Through our quality of work, we per- form tree care and, more importantly, tree preservation at a very high level — and very detailed,” Golan said. “We can protect trees that some may have said needed to be removed, but we can manage that risk safely and keep those trees alive. Our clients can enjoy the shade and the wildlife benefits of those trees, but we also maintain the safety level for those enjoying it.”

Wonderland Tree Care’s Annual Christmas Tree Chipper Event turned 50 trees into fresh mulch thereby helping the community recycle and give back to the environment.

quality services preserve landscapes, protect property, and sustain long-term relationships with clients and the com- munity. According to Haehnel, Tree Care Part- ners often encourages preservation on job sites rather than unnecessary tree removals, since this benefits both cli- ents and communities. When a compa- ny can offer the preservation route, it saves the client money, preserves their property’s character and value, and en-

For growing tree care companies who want to start implementing communi- ty outreach initiatives, Golan recom- mends connecting with companies or organizations among your ideal clien- tele. Partnering with nonprofits relat- ed to parks, environmentally-focused organizations, business groups, and networking groups can promote your company and help you to possibly see eventual dividends from your efforts. However, he emphasized that out- reach efforts don’t necessarily have to include large cash donations or costly initiatives at the start. “A lot of these don’t take a big cash investment to make a big impact with these groups,” Golan explained. “A lot of them just need help with physical work, on a committee, or they need help getting some event off the ground, whether it be donating half a day of work or even just some consulting ser- vices.” QUALITY AS LEGACY While direct outreach initiatives strengthen community ties, everyday commitment to quality work may be one of the most enduring ways tree care companies can pay it forward. Our

Stanley Tree Service helped the Kinney Azalea Gardens in South Kingstown remove hazardous trees affected by invasive pests. The wood from these trees was repurposed to create art installations in the gardens.

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we recycle that and send it to pow- er plants,” explained Julian Emerich, Stanley’s director of marketing. He shared that the initiative diverts waste from landfills while supporting renewable energy production. Tree Care Partners also prioritizes re- cycling. “If we do tree removal and pruning, we try to recycle the chips,” said Haehnel. “We’ll deliver them to people’s proper- ty for mulch…or companies will bring them to a power plant, so they get turned into energy.” By turning byproducts into resources, Tree Care Partners closes the loop on sustainability while reducing environ- mental impact. Meanwhile, Wonderland has leaned into new technologies to advance pres- ervation with the adoption of growth regulators. “We’ve become big adopters of growth regulation in trees…for size manage- ment of trees, but also for their add- ed health benefits, which has helped

Stanley Tree Service also ties quality directly to its core values and its impact on the community. “Our motto is, ‘do the right thing when no one is watching,’” said Senerchia. She stressed that weekly meetings and consistent safety check-ins ensure that standards remain high, reinforcing that quality work at Stanley is expected — not optional. SUSTAINABILITY IN ACTION Tree care is inherently tied to envi- ronmental stewardship, and many companies see sustainability as anoth- er long-term way to give back to the community. Recycling programs, re- sponsible environmental practices, and innovative treatments all contribute to healthier communities for future gen- erations. Stanley Tree Service has developed a wood waste recycling program that processes material into biofuel for re- gional power plants. “We actually bought our own Peterson chipper, process material on site, and

The Cage Guard System, a physical and visual barrier that keeps operators safe while working on truck cages.

us preserve some of these old legacy trees,” Golan stated. Combined with advances in access equipment such as spider lifts, these tools expand the possibilities for saving mature trees that once may have been deemed unsafe. From bee-friendly practices to selec- tive pruning, companies are showing that small, thoughtful decisions today are investing in healthier ecosystems tomorrow.

14 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™ Stanley Tree Service hosts the Rhode Island Blood Center bus, allowing many employees and other individuals to donate.

INNOVATION AT WORK Beyond local communities, tree care companies are also investing in the future of their profession. Whether through innovation, mentoring, or train- ing, they are working to ensure that the industry itself continues to thrive. Innovation has long been a hallmark of Stanley Tree Service. Emerich de- scribed how company leaders devel- oped internal safety systems to reduce risks in the field. “We give everybody the tools to do it correctly and safely every single day,” he said. “If we can’t do it safely or cor- rectly, then we don’t do it.” In fact, Mike Zuba, Stanley’s fleet man- ager, was awarded the Equipment In- novation Award at this year’s Arbor AWARDS™ for his development of two groundbreaking safety systems. The Elevator Warning Lights System allows ground crews to be aware when the bucket is elevated, and the Cage Guard System keeps operators on truck cages safe with a visual and physical barrier. These safety innovations serve as examples of how creativity and ne- cessity drive improvements across the industry, paying it forward to both cur- rent and future tree care professionals. Haehnel noted that technological ad- vances have transformed the profes- sion over recent decades, from lighter chainsaws to advanced climbing gear. “This industry is much, much easier on our bodies now than it was 30 years ago,” he said. EMBRACING MENTORSHIPS Haehnel also emphasized the role of training programs and certifications in preparing professionals for safer, more efficient work. Similarly, Wonderland highlights mentorship as an important factor in strengthening the industry. This past summer, the company hosted the an-

Wonderland Tree Care helping the town shine bright with holiday lighting — bringing expertise and community spirit to the season.

nual horticulture intern tour for the Long Island Nursery and Landscape Association. Members of the compa- ny’s leadership team shared insights on industry practices, innovations, and safety with the next generation of tree care workers. “Mentoring is one of the most im- portant things any company can do,”

Golan said. “There are many, many other arborists throughout the coun- try that helped me in my early career and continue to help me. So, network- ing with young folks in the industry is huge.” Emerich also shared that Stanley Tree Service makes mentorship a critical element of paying it forward for future professionals in the tree care industry. “You need to train somebody to take your job and not be afraid of somebody taking your job,” he said, stressing the impor- tance of preparing the next generation. When it comes to smaller tree care op- erations looking to grow their training and mentorship initiatives, Haehnel encouraged them to reach out to larger companies for guidance. “Don’t feel like you can’t ask questions in this industry,” he said. “If you can learn from someone before you have a bad incident or accident, it will drasti- cally help out.”

The Elevator Warning Lights System, which uses rotating beacons to alert ground crews when the bucket is elevated.

ArborTIMES ™ Fall 2025 | 15

Both Emerich and Haehnel prove that the key to industry strength and fu- ture success is shared knowledge and collaboration. LEGACIES THAT LAST Throughout the tree care industry, many companies are working hard to be examples of compassion, quali- ty, sustainability, and innovation. The specific initiatives these companies champion illustrate an amazing broad- er truth: Tree care companies are shaping not just landscapes but legacies. These industry efforts are not simply side projects, but essential invest- ments, and they ensure both trees and the people who care for them con- tinue to flourish for decades to come. Our work fosters healthier communi- ties, supports future generations, and strengthens the industry from within,

From left to right, Kieran Yaple, ArborAWARDS board member and Mike Zuba from Stanley Tree Service. Mike developed two groundbreaking safety systems: the Elevator Warning Lights System and the Cage Guard System.

so “paying it forward” is an industry culture that companies want to sup- port for years to come.

dollar. It’s hard to make a difference,” Emerich said. “We hope that other people in our industry recognize the value of that and want to do some- thing different.”

“It’s easy to go to work and make a

16 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

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Each excavator attachment is uniquely engineered for a specific task and purpose which empowers operators to choose the right tool for the right job.

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Specific design features make certain excavators and attachments better suited for working near root systems.

Breaking New Ground Digging Up Dirt on Excavator Attachments for Soil Aeration and Root Health By TJ Yurko, ISA Certified Arborist (PR-5403A), ISA TRAQ, CLHT

Did you know that there is a silent threat lurking in the ground right under our feet, ready to close in on unsuspecting trees and their roots? Every day, urban trees are subjected to the harsh reality of city-living, surrounded by heavy vehicles, foot traf- fic, commercial and residential development, pollu- tion, contaminants, and many others. Of all these threats, compaction takes the heaviest toll on soil, depriving trees of the vital air, water, and nutrients they need to thrive in an urban landscape. Today’s arborists and landscape professionals are turning to precision-engineered excavator attach- ments to tackle compaction head on, with specialized features that deliver advancements to preserving roots while revitalizing the soil they live in. With these mighty machines en route, you can breathe easy knowing they’ll dig right into the root of the problem. CHOOSING THE RIGHT EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENT Each excavator attachment available on the mar- ket today is uniquely engineered for a specific task and purpose, and this specialization empowers operators to choose the right tool for the right job

every time. Gregory Hair, owner landscaper at SLIDE Living Pty Ltd. , recommended pairing the machine’s capabilities with the needs of the tree and its environment to achieve successful results. “Match the tool to the situation,” Hair advised. “Each attachment has its niche, so base your choice on soil conditions and the tree’s root characteristics.” DESIGN FEATURES THAT PROTECT ROOTS Specific design features make certain excavators and attachments better suited for working near root systems by prioritizing soil movement with mini- mal impact. Together, these features help protect root systems during excavation and ensure the soil is handled with care: • Teeth Shape: Blunt, rounded teeth are perfect for breaking apart larger aggregates in loamy or sandy soils, while fine, sharp teeth are opti- mized to cut through dense clay and alleviate soil compaction without excessive force. • Tine Spacing: Tines that are widely spaced or deeply set allow soil to sift through more freely, which helps prevent roots from being ripped, torn, or crushed.

ArborTIMES ™ Fall 2025 | 19

the risk of root damage and component failure,” Kukuk cautioned. Key considerations for optimal excava- tor-attachment pairings: • Size & Weight: Match the attach- ment’s size and weight with the exca- vator’s liing capacity. For example, a full-sized implement on a compact machine will overload the hydraulics, while a mini-sized attachment on a large excavator wastes power and re- duces operating efficiency. • Hydraulic Flow & Pressure: Align the attachment’s flow rate and pres- sure rating with the excavator’s hy- draulic specifications. A properly calibrated hydraulic system ensures responsive performance and pre- vents overheating or erratic move- ments that stress the machine. • Mounting System: Double-check that mounting plates, pin diameters, and quick-disconnect fittings are fully compatible with the mount- ing system. Misalignment and poor connections will accelerate wear and component fatigue, which can ultimately lead to accidental detach- ment. Always perform a low-height “shake test” prior to use to verify that the attachment is locked and se- cured in place.

A Root Rake is an effective land-clearing tool designed to remove unwanted roots, branches, and brush while preserving the nutrient-rich soil beneath.

“The attachment’s weight, size, and hydraulic flow requirements must align with the stand-on skid steer’s rated operating capacity to prevent poor performance or safety risks.” Avadh Nagaralawala, mining automa- tion and control system consultant , agreed that even the smartest attach- ment won’t work if it isn’t properly fitted with the machine it was designed for. “Selecting the wrong attachment size oen reduces efficiency and increases

• Bucket Profile: Narrow buckets with rounded or smooth, contoured edges better protect soil structure and minimize root disturbance during excavation. • Side Plates: Serrated or perforated side plates gently pry soil apart with micro-fractures, alleviating compaction at the source without damaging roots. • Controls: Finely tuned hydraulic tilt and rotation functions allow operators to gently rock or pivot the attachment for smoother, safer soil movement in root zones. • Composition: Lightweight com- posites or alloys paired with shock- absorbing components help reduce the attachment’s pressure on root systems and soil aggregates. MATCHING ATTACHMENTS WITH MACHINES Brant Kukuk, product manager at Ditch Witch , emphasized the importance of thoughtfully pairing each excavator with the right attachment to unlock peak performance. “When selecting attachments, equip- ment compatibility should be an op- erator’s first consideration,” he said.

EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENT

BEST FOR:

WHAT THEY DO:

Working in light soils around shallow, fibrous root systems.

Gently agitates compacted soil with widely spaced, deeply set tines.

Root Rake

Soil Conditioner

Breaking up moderate soil compaction.

Tills soil surface with angled tines on a rotating drum to break up compacted soil into smaller aggregates.

Aerating soils or exposing roots with minimal disturbance and damage. Aerating heavy or compacted soil around deep, woody root systems.

Creates small holes in the soil profile with low-impact tines or air jets. Drills vertical holes in the soil profile to channel air and water into the root zone.

Auger

Customized Heads

20 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

• Dimensions & Reach: Calculate the operating radius of the excavator to maintain a safe working distance from the tree and its root system. • Stability & Balance: Ensure the machine has a counterweight to minimize tipping or rolling, maxi- mize maneuverability, and decrease uneven ground pressure around the root zone. While important, mechanical com- patibility is just one of several key factors when selecting the ideal exca- vator attachment. Evaluating how an attachment’s efficiency fits into your team’s existing workflows is just as critical. “Choosing attachments tailored to the crew’s most frequent tasks enhances productivity without adding unneces- sary complexity,” Kukuk stated. CHALLENGES OF EXCAVATING NEAR ROOTS Excavating soil near trees presents a unique set of challenges for equipment operators that require unrivaled preci- sion and dexterity to master. Because the majority of a tree’s root system is within the uppermost 12 to 18 inches of soil, operators will be tasked with navigating a hidden network of roots that are essential for water and nutri- ent uptake. Severing these tiny con-

An auger helps drill vertical holes through the soil, allowing air and water to reach the root zone and improving aeration in dense or compacted areas surrounding deep, woody roots.

nections can compromise tree health in a big way, so operators must rely on a gentle touch and a sixth sense when working near trees. “A big challenge [with using excava- tors] is finesse,” Hair explained. “It takes a gentle touch and good intuition to know where the main roots are. Of- ten you can’t see them, so you have to feel your way.” Variations in soil composition and sta- bility can also present a major chal- lenge for excavators. Hitting dense subsoil or hidden rocks is almost un-

avoidable in urban landscapes, so op- erators must learn how to practice pa- tience and control after encountering these unexpected obstacles. Differenc- es within the soil profile also means that operators must constantly adjust their attachment’s speed and pressure to maintain consistent aeration depth, lest they create overly deep holes or shallow passes that leave compaction untouched. Ironically, the very act of breaking up compacted soil can lead to further com- paction if the machine’s weight isn’t managed responsibly. Because excava-

Fall is a favorable season for soil aeration, providing trees with the boost they need to survive the winter and return with a flourish next spring.

ArborTIMES ™ Fall 2025 | 21

ahead of time helps create fewer passes over the ground, and installing rigging mats or timber boards under the tracks helps distribute weight over the soil more evenly. While it is good to focus on managing compaction underground, it is just as important to focus on having good spa- tial awareness above ground, especial- ly on sites where trees and buildings occupy the same space. Operators must be cautious in ensuring that the body and bucket of the excavator remain away from obstacles. This not only pro- tects valuable trees and infrastructure but also promotes a culture of profes- sionalism and standard of care in arbo- riculture and landscaping. WHEN AND WHY TO AERATE SOIL Since trees are dynamic living organ- isms, excavation should be timed with the growing season to maximize the benefits of aeration to root systems. So,

Future excavator technology could allow operators to monitor underground parameters like density, moisture, temperature, resistance, and pressure in real time.

tors are one of the heaviest contenders for soil compaction, it is essential for operators to follow industry standards

and best practices for soil management when excavating near trees. For ex- ample, planning the excavation route

22 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

when is the best time of year to aerate soil, exactly? While you can work any ground that isn’t frozen, autumn is the perfect moment to dig right in. “Early fall is actually an ideal time to aer- ate soil because that’s when many trees naturally focus on root growth,” Hair re- marked. “This timing helps the tree enter dormancy with a stronger root system.” Autumn is prime time for trees to begin storing energy and prepare for overwin- tering into the next growing season, and strategic soil aeration at this stage can improve air, water, and nutrient exchange just in time before dormancy sets in. “Using root-friendly buckets and at- tachments designed to gently break up compacted soil allows roots to expand naturally, setting the foundation for stronger growth and resilience in the following year,” Nagaralawala noted. Regardless of the timing or location, the main question remains of wheth- er soil aeration actually benefits trees. Quite a few studies over the past sev- eral years reveal that soil aeration un- deniably shows quantifiable outcomes for better tree health. Aerated soils ex- hibit significantly reduced compaction and bulk density volume alongside a marked increase in fine root density and water percolation rates. The emergence of new, healthy growth provides yet an- other clear indicator that aeration works in favor of tree vitality.

Operating excavators near trees requires a level of mastery in maneuvering tight spaces and navigating tricky angles to avoid damaging the trunk and branches.

“I’ve seen some remarkable turn- arounds in tree health after we loosen up the root zone,” Hair commented. “I’ve seen trees with thin yellow cano- pies grow fuller, greener leaves by the next season after aeration. When their roots get breathing room, they grow much better.” Aeration offers the greatest benefit to trees growing in compacted soils by mitigating the physiological stresses of city life and promoting health and longevity. How does this work?

When excavators gently work the soil, they create new channels for air, water, and nutrients, alleviating compaction that otherwise suffocated roots and limited metabolic activity. With this invigorating boost, root respiration and energy production significantly increase, which in turn improves water and nutrient uptake for trees to convert into sugars and carbohydrates. Creating macropores in the soil also promotes faster and deeper water infiltration rates, which encourages deeper and denser root development. Overall, aeration can provide a more habitable environment for beneficial microorganisms to live in, which are vital to decomposition and nutrient cycling for trees and many other plants. As a result, trees develop a stronger root system, a denser cano- py, and a greater resilience to drought and disease. Ultimately, seeing is believing when it comes to the effect soil aeration has on trees. The visual splendor of healthy growth provides irrefutable evidence that aeration has a transformative im- pact on trees.

Excavator attachments like this soil conditioner use angled tines on a rotating drum to alleviate moderate compaction in many types of soil.

ArborTIMES ™ Fall 2025 | 23

telematics, and haptic feedback sys- tems. As these features become more researched and accessible, excavator attachments are poised to revolutionize sustainable soil management practices around the globe. “In the future, I expect to see AI-driv- en tools or sensors that can spot big roots or soil density right away,” Hair theorized. “Attachments could adjust automatically to safeguard the roots, making tree care safer.” SMARTER MACHINES, HEALTHIER TREES In the not-so-distant-future, AI-driven systems could make excavators capa- ble of performing a wide range of ad- vanced functions for soil management such as scanning, mapping, and in- terpreting soil profiles or root density, auto-adjusting tine spacing for differ- ent soil conditions, and self-regulating dynamic forces to better protect roots from major disturbance.

“Aer aeration, you can actually see the difference — stronger canopies, health- ier roots, and more resilient trees,” Nagaralawala said.

These advancements will allow tree care professionals to successfully care for the urban forest in new and innova- tive ways while making public spaces greener and healthier for everyone, even in the most challenging urban en- vironments. As these technologies evolve, excavator-driven soil aeration is set to become an indispensable tool for arborists and landscapers who are committed to preserving our urban for- est, one root at a time. ABOUT THE AUTHOR TJ Yurko is an ISA Certified Arborist ® (PR-5403A), ISA TRAQ Arborist, and Certified Landscape Horticul- turist Technician at his company, Tree J Consulting , where he ad- vises clients on urban forestry and arboriculture best management practices and strategies for tree care operations.

THE FUTURE OF EXCAVATOR TECHNOLOGY IN TREE CARE

The next generation of excavators will seek to usher in a new era of smart, well-oiled machines that blend me- chanical precision with technological advancements to meet the ever-evolv- ing demands of urban landscapes. “Tomorrow’s excavators will read the soil as carefully as farmers read the weather,” Nagaralawala forecasted. Luckily, we don’t have to travel far into the future to see this happen in our lifetime. Today’s most advanced exca- vator attachments are already outfitted with many impressive features that help minimize soil disturbance such as oscillating tines, resistance sensors, hydraulic flow controls, depth limiters,

Promoting sustainable arboriculture, plant, and soil health since 1940.

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By giving equal weight to the prevention of catastrophic falls and everyday sprains, the industry can build a safety culture that truly protects arborists

26 | Fall 2025 ArborTIMES ™

PPE Series

Sprains, Strains, and Falls Building a Safety Culture That Protects Arborists at Every Level By Mara Watts

Falls from heights and chainsaw acci- dents often dominate safety conversa- tions in the tree care industry. These incidents are dramatic, sometimes catastrophic, and they rightfully de- mand attention. Yet focusing only on the big, headline-making accidents overlooks the equally damaging in- juries that happen quietly every day. Twisted ankles, strained shoulders, and overexerted backs may not seem as severe in the moment, but they accumulate over time—costing work- ers their health and companies their productivity. The truth is, safety in arboriculture is not a matter of choosing which type of injury to prioritize. It is about rec- ognizing that both the obvious and the overlooked can be career-ending if ignored. By giving equal weight to the prevention of catastrophic falls and everyday sprains, the industry can build a safety culture that truly protects arborists — on the ground, in the canopy, and everywhere in between.

These seemingly “minor” injuries ac- cumulate, often causing more impact down the line for tree care workers; quietly costing individuals and com- panies time and productivity. Left underreported and untreated, these injuries can turn into chronic condi- tions that shorten careers and affect company performance. This then spurs the conversation around safety in arboriculture. It is not just about avoiding major acci- dents — rather, it is about prevent- ing the trivial: slips, trips, repetitive strains, and falls. By focusing on both types, the industry can build a safety culture that protects arborists on and off the ground. SLIPS AND TRIPS On any jobsite, debris, uneven ter- rain, and fatigue create opportunities for slips and trips. Simple as they may seem, these incidents account for more claims and lost workdays than nearly any other injury.

MINOR INJURIES, MAJOR CONSEQUENCES

“The most common injuries in our in- dustry aren’t the ones you read about — they’re sprains, strains, and pulls,” said Bill Burley, founder of Heli-Ax .

Seemingly minor injuries can be just as damaging in the long-run as more dramatic accidents.

ArborTIMES™ Fall 2025 | 27

As the 2026 revision approaches, with updates for training and utility work, these standards will only become more robust. FALLS TO A LOWER LEVEL Slips may lead to sprains, but falls from ladders, trucks, and aerial lifts often re- sult in broken bones or long-term mus- culoskeletal injuries. Chambrelli em- phasized that most of these falls trace back to preventable human errors. “Falls to a lower level usually mean falls from trucks, ladders, or aerial lifts,” Chambrelli explained. “The truth is, most of them come down to human error — not clipping in, overreaching on a ladder, or neglecting to inspect steps and platforms.” LeVangie pointed out that overconfi- dence with equipment contributes to many of these accidents. Workers as- sume gear will protect them, but when it’s overloaded or misused, failure often occurs. “Anytime we can reduce our body’s power and let equipment do the work, injuries go down,” she said. “But often, people overload gear or ignore manu- facturer’s instructions, and that’s when incidents happen.” SHOCK LOAD & WHIPLASH Climbing accidents are not always due to falls. Often, they involve sudden jolts or swings that strain the spine. “When a climber slips off a limb and takes a swing into the trunk, that’s where we see whiplash and impact in- juries. Neck, back, even obliques are affected, depending on how they land,” said Chambrelli. LeVangie added that whiplash can oc- cur during everyday tasks, like bump- ing a helmet against a branch or truck door, snapping the neck back. Symp- toms of this injury may not appear un- til hours or even days later, when stiff- ness and pain set in.

While slips can cause sprains, falls from ladders, trucks, or aerial lifts are far more severe and often lead to fractures or lasting damage to the musculoskeletal system.

instructor, and co-founder/owner of Women’s Tree Care Climbing Work- shop ™ (WTCW), explained that fatigue plays a major role in accidents on the job. “So many injuries happen when people are tired,” she said. “Crews working long hours may rush through cleanup leaving logs, tools, or other debris on the ground. At the end of a long day, these seemingly harmless hazards can be the cause of a twisted ankle — or worse.” ANSI Z133, the foundational safety standard for arboriculture, reinforces the importance of readiness and cer- tain protocols. Chapter 3 (General Safe- ty Requirements) requires job sites to maintain accessible first aid kits, enforce communication protocols, and emergency readiness.

Jamie Chambrelli, safety manager with SavATree, noted that most worker’s compensation claims stem from “fall to the same level” incidents such as trip- ping over brush, slipping on sawdust, or stepping into holes. “Slips and trips can be anything from bad footing, poor tread on boots, or jumping fences to save time,” Cham- brelli said. “They sound small, but they account for the largest portion of claims.” Burley added that the impact of slips and trips is underestimated. Compa- nies often underreport these injuries to avoid insurance complications. And, as a result, sprains and strains remain hidden, making it harder to address them systematically.

Bear LeVangie, executive director, lead

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