EDUCATION MATTERS
625 Scale Score Points
performance using the TIMSS and PIRLS International Benchmarks, which are recognized as valid indicators for SDG 4.1.1b (“the proportion of young people…(b) at the end of primary… achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics”). To enable the linking process, the assessment design for the LaNA 2023 Linking Study included linking material in addition to the LaNA achievement blocks—that is, reading blocks from PIRLS 2021 and mathematics blocks from TIMSS 2019. Moreover, the study collected contextual information through background questionnaires administered to students and school principals, providing important information about the availability of resources, students’ learning experiences, and the learning environment. With the successful psychometric alignment to the TIMSS and PIRLS scales, the study was also able to introduce new international benchmarks below the low international benchmarks of TIMSS and PIRLS—the Basic International Benchmarks for reading and mathematics. These new benchmarks capture emerging mathematics and reading skills and describe what students who reach these benchmarks know and can do, even if they have not yet reached the higher TIMSS and PIRLS benchmarks. In this way, LaNA provides valuable insights into student populations that might not have been previously not captured by existing assessments. ■
LaNA Linking Study Results report.
For country results and further details about the linking study, please visit the LaNA 2023 Linking Study Results report, released in February 2025.
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