Roots and Greening PDF Booklet

Roots & Greening 2016 Fodder Crops Catch Crops Green Manure and EFA

Head Office: Bartholomews Agri Food Ltd Portfield Chichester West Sussex PO19 7TT Tel. +44 (0) 1243 784 171 Fax. +44 (0) 1243 775 747 Email. agri@bartholomews.co.uk Website. www.bartholomews.co.uk Golden Cross: Bartholomews Agri Food Ltd Deanland Road Golden Cross Near Hailsham East Sussex BN27 3RP Tel. +44 (0) 1825 872 697 Fax. +44 (0) 1825 872 850

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to our 2016 Roots and Greening Handbook.

The following pages have been put together as a guide to choosing the right seeds or mixtures to suit your individual requirements. We have a carefully selected but nonetheless comprehensive range of seeds to include; Short, medium or longer term fodder crops • Green manures and soil conditioners • Biofumigants

• Catch crops under BPS • Cover crops under BPS • Environmental focus area and Greening crops

Available as mixtures or as straights, we can provide what you are looking for. Enviromental and temporary grass mixtures under the Greening code fallow can be seen in our Herbage, Gamecover and Enviromental booklets. We hope you find this guide useful and informative if there are any further questions please do not hesitate to contact the seed office or your usual Bartholomews representative.

Seed Department Tel: 01243 755620 Email: seed@bartholomews.co.uk

STUBBLE TURNIPS

Stubble turnips are a very fast growing catch crop that can be utilized within 12 - 14 weeks from sowing. They are the preferential choice for finishing lambs, or can be fed to both dairy and beef animals. The flexibility of the sowing period ensures that crops can be fed from mid-summer through to January. The following guidelines will enable you to choose the appropriate variety for your situation

DELILAH

A high performance variety, producing large white tankard shaped bulbs. This exciting variety has out- performed many existing varieties in recent trials • Suitable for fattening lambs • 102% total dry matter yield • 131% root dry matter yield • 80% leaf dry matter yield • 6.6 mildew resistance • Recommended grazing; Autumn A high yielding variety, producing huge tankard shaped purple roots. Proven to be highly palatable in trials where it has been preferentially grazed, increasing intake • Suitable for sheep and beef • 101% total dry matter yield • 120% root dry matter yield • 85% leaf dry matter yield • 5.6 mildew resistance • Recommended grazing; Autumn A green skinned leafy variety, which can be utilized between Sep-Feb, with excellent root anchorage, reducing waste

SAMSON (Tetraploid)

RONDO

• Suitable for sheep and beef • 89% total dry matter yield • 93% root dry matter yield • 89% leaf dry matter yield • 6.2 mildew resistance • Recommended grazing; Winter

VOLLENDA

A highly digestible variety with good early vigour. Highly palatable throughout the season, with excellent speed of growth and bolting resistance • Suitable for sheep and beef • A tetraploid variety • 102% total dry matter yield • Recommended grazing; Autumn

A hybrid stubble turnip with excellent vigour producing a very leafy canopy with a re growth potential • Suitable for sheep, beef and dairy

TYFON

• 77% total dry matter yield • 59% root dry matter yield • 97% leaf dry matter yield • 4.4 mildew resistance • Recommended grazing; Summer

SOWING INFORMATION • Sowing Period: May-September

• Direct Drilling: 2kg/acre • Broadcasting: 3kg/acre • Available for Utilisation 12-14 weeks after sowing YIELD & FEED QUALITY • Average Dry Matter Yield: 3.5-5.0 tonnes/ha • Average Fresh Yield: 38-45 tonnes/ha • Dry Matter: 8-9% • Crude Protein: 17-18% • Digestibility Value: 68-70D • Metabolisable Energy: 11 MJ/kg DM • Sugars in Dry Matter: 55%

KALE

Kale is a fast growing catch crop suitable for finishing lambs, or zero grazing by both dairy and beef animals. The following guidelines will enable you to choose the appropriate variety for your situation

CALEDONIAN

Club root resistant, enabling growers to continually sow kale on the same site • Suitable for beef and dairy • 105cm tall • 122% total dry matter yield • 71.2% digestibility value • Recommended grazing; Winter A very winter hardy variety with good palatability and excellent disease resistance • Suitable for sheep and beef • Intermediate height • Very leafy • Recommended grazing; Winter

PROTEOR

KEEPER

A very winter hardy variety which exhibits good lodging resistance with low SMCO levels (anti

nutritional chemical) • Suitable for sheep • 85cm tall • 104% total dry matter yield • 74.2% digestibility value • Recommended grazing; Winter

SOWING INFORMATION • Sowing Period: April-Mid July

• Direct Drilling: 2kg/acre • Broadcasting: 3kg/acre YIELD & FEED QUALITY • Average Dry Matter Yield: 8-10 tonnes/ha • Average Fresh Yield: 60-65 tonnes/ha • Dry Matter: 14-16% • Crude Protein: 16-17% • Digestibility Value: 70D • Metabolisable Energy: 10-11 MJ/kg DM • Sugars in DM 17%

FORAGE RAPE

Forage rape is an excellent catch crop between grass leys or between winter and spring crops. Forage rape is preferentially chosen when fattening lambs or flushing ewes and can also be lightly grazed by cattle. The following guidelines will enable you to choose the appropriate variety for your situation

INTERVAL

A Rape/Kale hybrid with exceptional palatability suitable for filling a feed gap during the summer/ autumn months • Suitable for fattening lambs or dairy cows • Utilisation between 10-12 weeks from sowing • 111% total dry matter yield • 8 mildew resistance • Recommended grazing; Summer/Autumn A proven variety for finishing lambs, due to its consistent performance over the years • Suitable for sheep grazing • This variety is very palatable and digestible • 100% total dry matter yield • 8 mildew resistance • Recommended grazing; Winter

HOBSON

SOWING INFORMATION

• Sowing Period: May-August • Direct Drilling: 2.5kg/acre • Broadcasting: 4kg/acre • Available for Utilisation 12-14 weeks after sowing • Average Dry Matter Yield: 3.5-4 tonnes/ha • Average Fresh Yield: 24-35 tonnes/ha • Dry Matter: 11-12% • Crude Protein: 19-20% • Digestibility Value: 65D • Digestibility Value: 10-11 MJ/kg DM YIELD & FEED QUALITY

GREENING Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) on arable land

Where arable land is more than 15 hectares, applicants must manage at least 5% of their arable area as an EFA. There are five different options to choose from which can be mixed and matched to make up to 5%, but they must feature on or next to arable land. Each option has different weightings (according to the perceived environmental benefit) and different management obligations. COVER CROPS • Cover crops must be established by the 1 st October and retained until at least the 15 th January. • The crop must contain 1 cereal & 1 non-cereal of Rye, Oats, Barley, Phacelia, Mustard, Vetch, Lucerne or Oilseed Radish. • 1m Length = 0.3m 2 of EFA. • Catch crops must be established by the 31 th August and retained until at least the 1 st October. • The crop must contain 1 cereal & 1 non-cereal of Rye, Oats, Barley, Phacelia, Mustard, Vetch, Lucerne or Oilseed Radish. • 1m Length = 9m 2 of EFA. • Must be next to or run parallel with a water course or on a slope leading to a water course. • Minimum width of 1 metre wide edge to edge. • Must run next to arable land (or within 5 metres) and on the arable side of the watercourse. • 1m Length = 9m 2 of EFA. • Eligible leguminous crops are as follows; Vetch, Beans, Birdsfoot Trefoil, Chick Pea, Clover, Fenugreek, Lentils, Lucerne, Lupins, Peas, Sainfoin, Soya and Sweet Clover. Legumes with grass cannot be counted. • The crop must be in the ground between the 1 st May – 30 th June. CATCH CROPS BUFFER STRIPS NITROGEN FIXING CROPS • Fallow Period is from 1 st January to 30 th June. • Wild bird mixtures, Nectar rich mixtures, temporary grass & buffer strips can be managed as fallow. • Grass can be sown during the fallow period as long as there is no production during this period. Fallow land can be mown as long as the cuttings are left on the land however, grass can be utilised after the period. • Minimum width of 2 metres wide with a minimum area of 0.01ha. • 1m Length = 1m 2 of EFA. (Source: DEFRA, 2016) FALLOW LAND • Minimum plot size 0.01ha. • 1m Length = 0.7m 2 of EFA.

STRAIGHTS AVAILABLE FOR MIXING

Custom made mixes are available to suit individual requirements. Please find listed below the seeds that are available for mixing:

Crimson Clover

Rye

Red Clover

Oats

White Clover

Barley

Buckwheat

Phacelia

Tillage Radish

White Mustard

Westerwolds

Brown Mustard

Linseed

Vetch

Italian Ryegrass

Lucerne

Oil Radish

Egyptian Clover

Persian Clover

Please allow 3-5 working days for delivery. Due to the varying individual nature of the mixtures, all orders, once placed, cannot be cancelled or returned after delivery.

KEY

= Greening

COVER CROP OPTIONS

RYE/VETCH: FERTILITY BUILDER

Primarily a fertility builder due to the excellent nutrient scavenging ability from the rye complemented with the nitrogen nodulation of the vetch. This mix will establish rapidly during the autumn ensuring good ground cover during the winter

• EFA compliant • Winter hardy

• Mix Contains: 60% Rye 40% Vetch • Suggested Sowing Rate: 20 kg/acre

BLACK OAT/VETCH: FERTILITY BUILDER

Primarily a fertility builder due to the excellent nutrient scavenging ability from the black oat complemented with the nitrogen nodulation of the vetch. This mix demonstrates phenomenal early vigour during the autumn thus suppressing problem weeds during the winter

• EFA compliant • Winter hardy • Mix Contains: 60% Black Oat 40% Vetch • Suggested Sowing Rate: 15 kg/acre

TILLAGE/FODDER RADISH: COMPACTION BUSTER

This compaction busting combination of tap roots break up compaction deep within the soil profile thus increasing water filtration and aeration during the winter months • Winter hardy • Mix Contains: 50% Tillage Radish 50% Fodder Radish • An excellent mix for utilising nutrients • Sowing Rate: 5 kg/acre This soil conditioning combination will produce a vast amount of biomass in a short period of time, suitable for incorporating in spring. This mix will improve organic matter percentage as well as soil structure due to the diverse range of rooting systems • EFA compliant • Winter hardy • Mix Contains: 50% Black Oats 40% Mustard 10% Phacelia • Sowing Rate: 12 kg/acre

BLACK OAT/MUSTARD/PHACELIA: ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVER

FORAGE RYE: CATCH CROP POST MAIZE

A very good nutrient scavenger from deep within the soil profile due to its penetrating tap root. With its vertical and lateral rooting, oil radish enhances soil An excellent catch crop post maize due to its winter hardiness and early vigour thus reducing soil erosion and nutrient leeching on prone maize stubble soils. This product has a very flexible end use which could be zero grazed, baled or clamped • Tolerates a range of conditions over winter • Sowing rate: 25 - 50 kg/acre

OIL RADISH

structure as well as enriching soil humus • Some varieties are nematode resistant • Excellent speed of growth • Sowing Rate: 5kg/acre

DAIKON TILLAGE RADISH

This soil conditioner produces a long aggressive tap root, excellent for breaking up compaction deep within the soil profile, thus improving drainage and air movement, reducing waterlogging • Captures and stores nutrients from deep within the soil profile • Club root tolerant • A rapid growth habit during the autumn • Sowing Rate: 5kg/acre A relativity inexpensive and highly versatile cover crop, either sown alone or in a mix • Rapid establishment during the autumn • Excellent biomass yield in a short period of time • White mustard has poor frost tolerance • Brown mustard has bio fumigation properties and is more winter hardy • Sowing Rate: 5 kg/acre

MUSTARD

COVER CROP BENEFITS

BUILDING SOIL FERTILITY AND ORGANIC MATTER

• Improved fertiliser efficiency • Reduced reliance on artificial inputs • Slow fertility release throughout the growing season available for the subsequent crop • Increased worm activity which increases aeration and drainage through the soil profile • Soils with a high organic matter content are more friable

IMPROVING SOIL STRUCTURE

• Improved drainage through the profile reducing water logging • Reducing compaction will increase root biomass , increasing nutrient uptake

REDUCING SOIL EROSION

• Soil coverage throughout the winter will reduce water runoff as crops absorb physically available water and nutrients • Reduced soil erosion will increase water quality as nitrate and phosphate leech is reduced

WEED, DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT

• Specific cover crops will reduce disease build up over winter • Specific cover crops have allelopathic activity, suppressing problem weeds • Specific crops have bio fumigant properties which reduce nematode populations

REDUCING NUTRIENT LOSS

• Fibrous rooting throughout the profile traps nitrogen, potash and phosphate within the crop which is then utilised in the following crop once incorporated. • Cover crops will also reduce pesticide leeching reducing the negative impact on water and habitat quality.

The varieties offered in this leaflet have been carefully selected to produce successful cropping over a wide range of soil types and growing situations. They represent a balanced mix of the very latest in crop genetics along with some well established mixes. If there is a particular variety that you would like to grow which is not listed, please do not hesitate in contacting us and we will be pleased to discusss this with you.

Seed Department Tel: 01243 755620 Email: seed@bartholomews.co.uk

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