Concept of 4 th Generation DH in comparison to the previous three generations.
www.4dh.dk 4DH
1G: STEAM
2G: IN SITU
3G: PREFABRICATED
4G: 4th GENERATION Low energy demands Smart energy (optimum
Steam system, steampipes in concrete ducts
Pressurised hot-water system Heavy equipment Large ”build on site”stations
Pre-insulated pipes Industrialised compact substations (also with insulation) Metering and monitoring
interaction of energy sources, distribution and consumption) 2-way DH
< 200 °C
DH flow
> 100 °C
< 100 °C
DH return
50-60 °C (70 °C) ~ 25 °C (ULTDH <50 °C)
< 80 °C
< 70 °C
< 45 °C
Energy
Data center
Future energy source
Seasonal heat storage
Large scale solar
Biomass conversion
Large scale solar
2-way District Heating e.g. supermarket
Biomass CHP Biomass
Geothermal
PV, Wave Wind surplus Electricity
CHP biomass
Industry surplus
Cold storage
Centralised district cooling plant
Heat storage
Heat storage
Heat storage
CHP waste CHP coal CHP oil
Centralised heat pump
CHP coal CHP oil
Steam storage
Industry surplus
Also low energy buildings
Coal Waste
Gas, Waste Oil, Coal
Coal Waste
CHPwaste incineration
Local District Heating
District Heating
District Heating
District Heating
Development (District Heating generation) / Period of best available technology
1G / 1880-1930
3G / 1980-2020
4G / 2020-2050
2G / 1930-1980
Figure 1: Illustration of the concept of 4 th Generation DH in comparison to the previous three generations.
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