HOT|COOL NO.3/2021 - "Don't waste it!"

Concept of 4 th Generation DH in comparison to the previous three generations.

www.4dh.dk 4DH

1G: STEAM

2G: IN SITU

3G: PREFABRICATED

4G: 4th GENERATION Low energy demands Smart energy (optimum

Steam system, steampipes in concrete ducts

Pressurised hot-water system Heavy equipment Large ”build on site”stations

Pre-insulated pipes Industrialised compact substations (also with insulation) Metering and monitoring

interaction of energy sources, distribution and consumption) 2-way DH

< 200 °C

DH flow

> 100 °C

< 100 °C

DH return

50-60 °C (70 °C) ~ 25 °C (ULTDH <50 °C)

< 80 °C

< 70 °C

< 45 °C

Energy

Data center

Future energy source

Seasonal heat storage

Large scale solar

Biomass conversion

Large scale solar

2-way District Heating e.g. supermarket

Biomass CHP Biomass

Geothermal

PV, Wave Wind surplus Electricity

CHP biomass

Industry surplus

Cold storage

Centralised district cooling plant

Heat storage

Heat storage

Heat storage

CHP waste CHP coal CHP oil

Centralised heat pump

CHP coal CHP oil

Steam storage

Industry surplus

Also low energy buildings

Coal Waste

Gas, Waste Oil, Coal

Coal Waste

CHPwaste incineration

Local District Heating

District Heating

District Heating

District Heating

Development (District Heating generation) / Period of best available technology

1G / 1880-1930

3G / 1980-2020

4G / 2020-2050

2G / 1930-1980

Figure 1: Illustration of the concept of 4 th Generation DH in comparison to the previous three generations.

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