JOURNAL OF THE LOUISIANA STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY
REFERENCES
BRCS Validity: Zero-Order Correlations with Theoretically Linked Measures
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Measure BRCS
PCS
RCS
ACS
ODI
0.580*
0.764*
-0.094
-0.203
however, scores on the BRCS did not significantly correlate with the maladaptive coping strategy (avoidance coping) or with back functioning. These results run contrary to conventional wisdom and previous research indicating significant negative links between resilience and avoidance coping 17 as well as resilience and chronic pain. 14 One possible explanation for the non-significant correlation between resilience and avoidance coping is in the differing conceptions of avoidance coping. The three avoidance coping items of the PCI used in the current study all focus on cognitive distraction (e.g., When I have a problem I like to sleep on it .), which has been shown in a previous study 14 to be associated with fewer symptoms of physical distress in women but not in men. At the same time, the authors also found that emotional avoidance (e.g., rumination) and social diversion (as opposed to social support) were associated with lower levels of resilience. Thus, the coping strategy of distraction may contribute in a limited way to resilience for certain subpopulations. Regarding the non-significant correlation between resilience and lower back functioning, the results may point to the limitations of adaptive coping and resilience in mitigating lower back disability. Every participant in the present study had experienced pain and disability severe and chronic enough to require PLIF. Thus, it may be the case that positive coping and resilience are more effective for individuals with acute pain and higher functioning. While much research has focused on treatment of post-surgical pain and disability, including Failed Back Surgery Syndrome, 18 fewer studies have explored the relationships among resilience, coping, LBP, and disability. Therefore, these results point to the importance of expanding the current study to include a more diverse set of patients in terms of pain and disability. In conclusion, we iterate the primary purpose of this study as a psychometric evaluation of the BRCS, a short resilience scale, for use with pre-surgical PLIF patients. While the scale showed strong construct validity and reliability of the scale, convergent validity findings were less conclusive. Further research is warranted to examine the theoretical underpinnings linking resilience with higher back functioning and less avoidance coping for those with chronic, severe back pain. * p < .01 Note: A positive coefficient represents a direct relationship with BRCS; negative coefficient represents an inverse relationship with BRCS. Table 4 : ACS: Avoidance Coping Scale; BRCS: Brief Resilient Coping Scale; ODI: Owestry Disability Index; PCS: Proactive Coping Scale; RCS: Reflective Coping Scale ACS: Avoidance Coping Scale BRCS: Brief Resilient Coping Scale ODI: Owestry Disability Index PCS: Proactive Coping Scale RCS: Reflective Coping Scale
J La State Med Soc VOL 170 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 5
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