Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society
Table 1: Representative marine pathogens and their antiobiotic susceptibilities Bacteria
Antibiotic susceptibilities
Gram-positive bacteria
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Amoxicillin, piperacillin-taxobactam, erythromycin, doxycycline, aminoglycosides
Streptococcus iniae
Amoxicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cephalosporins
Gram-negative bacteria
Aeromonas hydrophila
Third-generation cephalosporins, second-generation quinolones, resistant to penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins
Gram-negative marine mammal Brucella spp.
B. cetaceae (dolphin-porpoise strain) B. pennipediae (seal strain)
Tetracyclines (doxycycline) + rifampin or trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole + rifampin Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, tetracyclines, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins
Chromobacterium violaceum
Comamonas spp. C. acidovorans C. terrigena C. testosteroni
Piperacillin-tazobactam, quinolones, aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins
Edwardsiella tarda
Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quinolones, teracyclines (doxycycline)
Morganella morganii
Carbapenems, cefepime, ciprofloxacin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Piperacillin-taxobactam, antipseudomonal cephalosporins, carbapenems, quinolones, aminoglycosides Aminoglycosides, quinolones, third generation cephalosporins, resistant to penicillins and first- and second-generation cephalosporins
Shewanella spp. S. algae
S. putrefaciens
Gram-negative marine vibrios
Vibrio vulnificus
Doxycycline + ceftazidime or quinolone; or cefotaxime + quinolone Antibiotics are not usually indicated for self-limited Vibrio gastroenteritis
Vibrio carchariae Vibrio parahemolyticus
Marine acid-fast mycobacteria
Mycobacterium marinum (causes fish tank granuloma)
Clarithromycin + ethambutol, rifampin
M. fortuitum M. terrae M. ulcerans (causes Buruli ulcer following soil
Rifampin + streptomycin
and/or stagnant water-contaminated wounds)
104 J La State Med Soc VOL 166 May/June 2014
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