power inequalities (p. 659). Racialization, as a structural attribute, impacts not just
subordinate groups but also requires the dominant group to maintain and preserve the
racial ideology that justifies their dominating position (p. 661). She claims that
asymmetric power relations, in which White people have disproportionate authority,
perpetuate racism and promote White domination. Examining the social significance
of Whiteness through postmodern perspectives is critical to dismantling this hierarchy.
To conclude, this essay has assessed how race and racism have negatively affected
the access to education and employment for refugee and immigrant communities, the
role of media in perpetuating negative racial stereotypes, and how immigration
policies contribute significantly to the perpetuation of racial inequality. Despite the
persistent obstacles that prevent immigrant and refugee groups from attaining equality
with their White counterparts, many pathways exist toward achieving this goal.
According to Markus Appel, the harmful impact of ‘stereotype threat’ may be
decreased by minimizing the negative correlation between belonging to a minority
group and academic performance, fostering diversity, and increasing the visibility of
minority group members (Markus Appel, 2015, p. 12). Devah Pager asserts that
eliminating racial prejudices is critical for encouraging equal chances and fair
treatment for all job seekers, regardless of race, ethnicity, or immigration status
(Devah Pager, 2009, p. 784). Blair Braxton emphasizes the need for more study on
refugee media discourse and its impact on policy and public views of refugees and
asylum seekers (Braxton, 2021, p. 40). At the same time, Elizabeth Aranda stresses the
importance of examining the long-term consequences of the present immigration
enforcement policy, particularly its effects on young immigrant adults and vulnerable
children (Elizabeth Aranda, 2015, p. 101). Recognising Guess’s insights into the social
construction of race and its effect on discriminatory attitudes, it becomes critical to
resolving these issues by actively challenging and deconstructing damaging
preconceptions. This entails pushing for a shift away from labelling immigrants and
refugees as “others” and confronting the underlying assumptions that fuel
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