reinforce and validate these beliefs, and it is very unlikely that they will
find content that offers a broader picture of events and issues.
❖ Echo Chambers are created when people predominantly interact
with like-minded groups and content, leading to the reinforcement of
shared ideologies and the exclusion of dissenting opinions. This isolation
from varying perspectives permits an environment in which far-right
ideologies are unchallenged.
❖ Media Biases can be held accountable for shaping the content that
individuals encounter within filter bubbles and echo chambers. Biased
reporting and selective framing amplify far-right narratives whilst
presenting information that aligns with the existing views of the audiences.
❖ Consequences: These factors not only contribute to the
amplification of extremist views, but they also assist in the dissemination
of misinformation. The lack of accessibility to counter-arguments, biased
reporting, and selective exposure results in far-right ideologies gaining
traction and the public becoming accepting of false information. The
combination of these factors creates the ‘hyper - polarisation’ that has
become increasingly common in developed nations across the globe,
meaning that ‘cooperation a cross political divides is becoming near impossible’. 95
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