o Normal and Emergency Ventilation
Fire Alarm and Detection Fixed Firefighting System
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o
o Fire Protection Standpipe System
Fire Extinguishers
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o Emergency Communication Systems
Tunnel Drainage
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o Tunnel Finishes and Special signage.
Key Cost Components: Operations Staff: The tunnels will require 24/7 monitoring and operations by trained operations staff located at an operations control center as well as operations support staff. Dedicated staff roles assumed include control center operators, supervisor, assistant supervisor, technician, and tunnel incident response crew. Inspections: The tunnel operating systems and the tunnel structure will be subject to regular inspections throughout the life of the tunnel. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has established the National Tunnel Inspection Standard (NTIS) which establishes mandatory requirements for tunnel inspection programs. Regular overall inspections are required to be performed, often on a bi-annual frequency, with more specialized inspections occurring in accordance with NFPA, FHWA Tunnel Operations, Maintenance, and Inspection Evaluation (TOMIE) Manual, as well as other related standards. Systems and elements subject to these inspection requirements include electrical, lighting, mechanical, fire protection, civil, and structural systems or elements. Routine Maintenance: Routine maintenance will be required for mechanical and electrical systems and their components. Frequency of required maintenance will vary for each system. Sources defining maintenance requirements include NFPA Standards 13, 14, 25, 70B, 72, 502, equipment manufacturer recommendations, and standard industry practice. Average annual cost estimates were developed based on typical installations. Other (Anticipated Repairs and Upgrades): Based on experience, equipment repairs and upgrades anticipated to be required during the operational periods of the Project have been considered and are averaged over number of years for the applicable periods. Electrical Power Cost: Tunnel electrical power costs will be primarily driven by the load demand of the tunnel lighting and mechanical ventilation systems required for each project phase. Equipment electrical demand loads have been estimated based on electrical load demands for road tunnels of similar length.
K-42
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