King's Business - 1954-08

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The Scientific Method

each philosopher puts the notion of truth-criteria in different ways the substance of the idea appears to be twofold: (1) The truth in a state­ ment is that which is internally con­ sistent; and (2) The trutji in a state­ ment is that which is externally com­ prehensive. Point number one calls attention to the fact that any state­ ment of the truth must be free from elements of self-contradiction. This is to say that the truth in and of itself must be of one whole piece, and that it cannot be made up of a patch- work of mutually nullifying propo­ sitions. Point number ' two calls at­ tention to the fact that any statement of the truth must fit in appropriately with the truth as already established in other fields of knowledge. This is to say that if a statement purport­ ing to be true contradicts a statement of truth from another field then both fields may have to be re-investigated before the actual truth can be de­ termined. Practically speaking such a criteria of the truth means that the philo­ sophic-scientific enterprise will be en­ gaged in a continual process of learn­ ing. It will be very difficult for the philosopher-scientist to state anything with a certainty which goes beyond a high degree of probability. For the religious person who seeks a one hundred percent infallible statement of the truth as the basis for his liv­ ing, such an uncertainty will not be acceptable. Perhaps the apologist of the modem day will have to find a way of maintaining a balance be­ tween profound psychological assur­ ances and the probabilities of philos­ ophy and science. END. This is the last in this series of articles by Dr. Aijian. If you would like this col­ umn continued kindly let us know. You may address a letter or a card to: The Editors, King's Business magazine, 558 South Hope St., Los Angeles 17, Calif. Thank you. — ED.

llodern philosophy felt the impact ■I of the developing scientific enter- prises and gradually took on the character and technique of a scien­ tific methodology. It is a little diffi­ cult to say which of the two dis­ ciplines developed the new methodol­ ogy which we call the scientific method. Undoubtedly the demands of the laboratory and of scientific ex­ perimentation compelled the scientist to be more rigorous in his activities; nevertheless, this enterprise was it­ self under the continual scrutiny and criticism of the philosopher. As the critical method in science took shape it was inevitable that there should be a reaction even upon the philosophy which had helped to form the method. As a result, in the contemporary philosophical scene, it is very difficult to tell where science ends and philosophy begins. On the elementary levels of science and phi­ losophy the distinction between the two is rather obvious. But when one begins to examine the higher reaches of these disciplines he finds that sci­ ence has become philosophical and that philosophy has become scientific. Much of the recent results in the field of atomic research are a case in point. Surely after Einstein no one would care to be too dogmatic about the exact delineation of the areas which science and philosophy are supposed to cover. The philosopher attempts to estab­ lish some criteria by which the ade­ quacy of the propositions submitted as true may be judged. As far as he is concerned no statement stands as true simply on its face value. Such statements represent only truth-claims which must be subject to further investigation before being accepted and acted upon. During the course of the centuries many rules for judg­ ing the truth have been suggested. In the present dav the main outline of what is acceptable as truth has been fairlv well established. While

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Driftwood

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