Note: There is no state definition for Dating Violence. Stalking: State Definition (1) A person commits the crime of stalking if: (a)
a group of persons based on their race, gender, gender identity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity or national origin. Although there are many possible categories of bias, under Clery, only the following eight categories are reported: Race A preformed negative attitude toward a group of persons who possess common physical characteristics (e.g., color of skin, eyes, and/or hair; facial features, etc.) genetically transmitted by descent and heredity, which distinguish them as a distinct division of humankind (e.g., Asians, blacks, whites). Gender A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group of persons because those persons are male or female. Gender Identity A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their actual or perceived gender identity, e.g., bias against transgender or gender non-conforming individuals. Religion A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group of persons who share the same religious beliefs regarding the origin and purpose of the universe and the existence or nonexistence of a supreme being, e.g., Catholics, Jews,
The person knowingly alarms or coerces another person or a member of that persons immediate family or household by engaging in repeated and unwanted contact with the other person; It is objectively reasonable for a person in the victims situation to have been alarmed or coerced by the contact; and The repeated and unwanted contact causes the victim reasonable apprehension regarding the personal safety of the victim or a member of the victims immediate family or household.
(b)
(c)
Federal Definition (1)
Engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to- (a) Fear for the person’s safety or the safety of others; or (b) Suffer substantial emotional distress (2) For the purposes of this definition- (a) Course of conduct means two or more acts, including, but not limited to, acts in which the stalker directly, indirectly, or through third parties, by any action, method, device or means, follows, monitors, observes, surveils, threatens, or communicates to or about, a person, or interferes with a person’s property.
Protestants, atheists. Sexual Orientation:
A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their actual or perceived sexual
orientation. Ethnicity
(b)
Substantial emotional distress means significant mental suffering or anguish that may, but does not necessarily, require medical or other professional treatment or counseling. Reasonable person means a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim.
A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, common culture (often including a shared religion) and/ or ideology that stresses common ancestry. The concept of ethnicity differs from the closely related term race in that “race” refers to grouping based mostly upon biological criteria, while “ethnicity” also encompasses additional cultural factors. National Origin A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group of persons of the same race or national origin who share common or similar traits, languages, customs and/or traditions. Disability A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group of persons based on their physical or mental impairments/ challenges, whether such disability is temporary or permanent, congenital or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age or illness.
(c)
Clery Act Hate/Bias Crimes A hate crime is defined as any crime that manifests evidence that a victim was selected because of his/her actual or perceived race; gender; gender identity; religion; sexual orientation; ethnicity; national origin or disability. A hate crime is not a separate, distinct crime, but is the commission of a criminal offense which was motivated by the offender’s bias. If the facts of the case indicate that the offender was motivated to commit the offense because of his/her bias against the victim’s perceived race; gender; gender identity; religion; sexual orientation; ethnicity; national origin or disability, the crime is classified as a hate crime. Bias Bias is a preformed negative opinion or attitude toward
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