Sustainability and quality: hydrothermal injection synthesis of magnetic nanomaterials for medicine Annie Regan 1,2 Nguyen T .K. Thanh 3 and Peter W. Dunne 1 1 School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, 2CDT ACM,Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, 3UCL Healthcare & Biomagnetics Laboratory, London, UK 2 +, Co 2 +, Ni 2 +, Zn 2 +) have emerged as key materials in nanomedicine, with highly tuneable properties, accessed by varying composition or surface modification with functional ligands. 1,2 Their biomedical applications, such as magnetic hyperthermia; an adjuvant to cancer therapies, require the nanoparticles to be water-dispersible, biocompatible, and possess sufficiently high magnetic saturation. 3 As such, control of these properties is essential in the synthesis of these materials. While there are many examples in the literature of ways to obtain iron oxide nanoparticles, there is a happy medium between synthetic control and sustainability that has not yet been realised by any one technique in particular. The present work aims to discuss this problem with reference to some of the most commonly employed synthetic techniques for producing nanoparticles for this application; assessing each method in terms of both synthetic control of material properties as well as compliancy to green chemistry principles. In doing so, this talk will introduce the promising capabilities of a new technique – a novel, custom-built hydrothermal injection reactor – designed to combine the green sensibilities of traditional hydrothermal synthesis with the synthetic control of the popular hot injection and thermolysis methods. A variety of spinel ferrites have been targeted by each of these synthetic techniques, each characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and magnetometry, before narrowing in on cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) – a hard ferromagnet which offers high chemical stability and sufficient magnetic saturation for a variety of biomedical applications. It has been found that hydrothermal injection synthesis allows the formation of CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles with size, monodispersity, surface capping, and magnetic properties comparable to those obtained by conventional thermolysis, but with the added green credentials of hydrothermal processing. Overall, this talk aims to showcase a new sustainable route to magnetic nanoparticles with suitable properties for use in medicine; bringing green chemistry to a rapidly expanding field. Magnetic nanomaterials such as the spinel-type oxides, MFe 2 O 4 (M = Fe
References 1. L. T. Lu, N. T. Dung, L. D. Tung, C. T. Thanh, O. K. Quy, N. V. Chuc, S. Maenosonoe and N. T. K. Thanh,Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 19596-19610. 2. V. Mameli, A. Musinu, A. Ardu, G. Ennas, D. Peddis, D. Niznansky, C. Sangregorio, C. Innocenti, N. T. K. Thanh and C. Cannas, Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 10124-10137. 3. A. J. Giustini, A. A. Petryk, S. M. Cassim, J. A. Tate, I. Baker and P. J. Hoopes, Nano Life, 2010, 1, 2, 1‑23.
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