January 28, 2022 - Future of Cities Seminar; VU Mobility
Regional Planning and Intergovernmental Coordination Across Middle Tennessee
Geography & Membership
Greater Nashville Regional Council GNRC was established in 1965 by the TN General Assembly as the regional council of governments Middle Tennessee. GNRC is federally recognized as the region’s lead transportation planning organization, economic development district, and area agency on aging and disability. More info at GNRC.org.
93 ‐ Member Regional Council
The Executive Board convenes monthly for cooperative policymaking and to prioritize public funding for infrastructure projects, community development, and social services.
GNRC Functional Structure
Programming and Services
GNRC Professional Team
80+ Strong Social Workers Counselors Lending and Credit Analysts Local and Regional Planners Geographers Research Analysts Policy Advisors Volunteer Coordinators Communications & Marketing Attorneys and Legal Advisors Accountants and Finance Officers Executives and Administrators Economic Development Coordinators Community Development Coordinators
Local Impact of GNRC Programs
The Emergence of Modern ‐ Day Regional Planning in the United States
Emergence of Modern ‐ Day Regional Planning 1910s‐20s Inspiration and Experimentation during the “Progressive Era” 1930s The Great Depression and Initial Recovery Efforts 1940s‐60s Post WW2 Suburbanization and Infrastructure Boom 1960s‐70s Urban Renewal, Civil Rights, Environmental Protections
1980s 1990s
Reagan Reforms and Deregulation New Federal Focus on Emerging Metropolitan Issues Trend towards Flexibility and Integration
2000s
Federal Transportation Acts
Landmark Legislation
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
Key Initiative(s)
Enacted
Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 (Bankhead‐Shackleford Act)
First federal act to provide funding to states to improve roadway conditions across the nation. 1916
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1944
1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Created a national system of Interstate highways; Expanded federal funding assistance to secondary roads; Established construction and operational standards
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1956 (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act) Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1962
Dwight D. Eisenhower Authorized construction of 41,000 miles of Interstate Highway System; Largest public works project in American history at the time; Established the Highway Trust Fund. 1956
Established the first requirements for a “continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative” transportation planning process in America’s metropolitan areas to address the controversies and dislocation caused by Interstate construction. 1962 Created a new intermodal approach to transportation and established new requirements for collaborative planning; Provided authority to Metropolitan Planning Organizations to coordinated decisions among state and local governments; Authorized the rails to trails program. 1991 Expanded requirements for regional transportation plans developed by Metropolitan Planning Organizations. 1998
John F. Kennedy
Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act of 1991 (ISTEA)
George H.W. Bush
Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA‐21) Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA‐LU)
Bill Clinton
2005
George W. Bush
Expanded funding opportunities for transit and other multimodal solutions; Provided additional flexibility in the use of federal funding according to state and local priorities.
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century (MAP‐21)
2012
Barack Obama
Consolidated the number of federal transportation grant programs by two‐thirds; Reformed the environmental review process to speed up projects; Provided more flexibility to toll highways; Established performance‐based planning requirements. Expanded the number of planning factors to be considered by Metropolitan Planning Organizations from eight to ten in order to provide increased alignment with the economic goals; Strengthened Buy America requirements; Required USDOT to designate national electric vehicle charging corridors.
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
2015
Barack Obama
Federal Transportation Acts
Landmark Legislation
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
Key Initiative(s)
Enacted
Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 (Bankhead‐Shackleford Act)
First federal act to provide funding to states to improve roadway conditions across the nation. 1916
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1944
1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Created a national system of Interstate highways; Expanded federal funding assistance to secondary roads; Established construction and operational standards
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1956 (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act) Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1962
Dwight D. Eisenhower Authorized construction of 41,000 miles of Interstate Highway System; Largest public works project in American history at the time; Established the Highway Trust Fund. 1956
Established the first requirements for a “continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative” transportation planning process in America’s metropolitan areas to address the controversies and dislocation caused by Interstate construction. 1962 Created a new intermodal approach to transportation and established new requirements for collaborative planning; Provided authority to Metropolitan Planning Organizations to coordinated decisions among state and local governments; Authorized the rails to trails program. 1991 Expanded requirements for regional transportation plans developed by Metropolitan Planning Organizations. 1998
John F. Kennedy
Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act of 1991 (ISTEA)
George H.W. Bush
Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA‐21) Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA‐LU)
Bill Clinton
2005
George W. Bush
Expanded funding opportunities for transit and other multimodal solutions; Provided additional flexibility in the use of federal funding according to state and local priorities.
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century (MAP‐21)
2012
Barack Obama
Consolidated the number of federal transportation grant programs by two‐thirds; Reformed the environmental review process to speed up projects; Provided more flexibility to toll highways; Established performance‐based planning requirements. Expanded the number of planning factors to be considered by Metropolitan Planning Organizations from eight to ten in order to provide increased alignment with the economic goals; Strengthened Buy America requirements; Required USDOT to designate national electric vehicle charging corridors.
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
2015
Barack Obama
Federal Transportation Acts
Landmark Legislation
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
Key Initiative(s)
Enacted
Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 (Bankhead‐Shackleford Act)
First federal act to provide funding to states to improve roadway conditions across the nation. 1916
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1944
1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Created a national system of Interstate highways; Expanded federal funding assistance to secondary roads; Established construction and operational standards
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1956 (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act) Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1962
Dwight D. Eisenhower Authorized construction of 41,000 miles of Interstate Highway System; Largest public works project in American history at the time; Established the Highway Trust Fund. 1956
Established the first requirements for a “continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative” transportation planning process in America’s metropolitan areas to address the controversies and dislocation caused by Interstate construction. 1962 Created a new intermodal approach to transportation and established new requirements for collaborative planning; Provided authority to Metropolitan Planning Organizations to coordinated decisions among state and local governments; Authorized the rails to trails program. 1991 Expanded requirements for regional transportation plans developed by Metropolitan Planning Organizations. 1998
John F. Kennedy
Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act of 1991 (ISTEA)
George H.W. Bush
Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA‐21) Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA‐LU)
Bill Clinton
2005
George W. Bush
Expanded funding opportunities for transit and other multimodal solutions; Provided additional flexibility in the use of federal funding according to state and local priorities.
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century (MAP‐21)
2012
Barack Obama
Consolidated the number of federal transportation grant programs by two‐thirds; Reformed the environmental review process to speed up projects; Provided more flexibility to toll highways; Established performance‐based planning requirements. Expanded the number of planning factors to be considered by Metropolitan Planning Organizations from eight to ten in order to provide increased alignment with the economic goals; Strengthened Buy America requirements; Required USDOT to designate national electric vehicle charging corridors.
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
2015
Barack Obama
Federal Transportation Acts
Landmark Legislation
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
Key Initiative(s)
Enacted
Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 (Bankhead‐Shackleford Act)
First federal act to provide funding to states to improve roadway conditions across the nation. 1916
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1944
1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Created a national system of Interstate highways; Expanded federal funding assistance to secondary roads; Established construction and operational standards
Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1956 (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act) Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1962
Dwight D. Eisenhower Authorized construction of 41,000 miles of Interstate Highway System; Largest public works project in American history at the time; Established the Highway Trust Fund. 1956
Established the first requirements for a “continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative” transportation planning process in America’s metropolitan areas to address the controversies and dislocation caused by Interstate construction. 1962 Created a new intermodal approach to transportation and established new requirements for collaborative planning; Provided authority to Metropolitan Planning Organizations to coordinated decisions among state and local governments; Authorized the rails to trails program. 1991 Expanded requirements for regional transportation plans developed by Metropolitan Planning Organizations. 1998
John F. Kennedy
Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act of 1991 (ISTEA)
George H.W. Bush
Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA‐21) Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA‐LU)
Bill Clinton
2005
George W. Bush
Expanded funding opportunities for transit and other multimodal solutions; Provided additional flexibility in the use of federal funding according to state and local priorities.
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century (MAP‐21)
2012
Barack Obama
Consolidated the number of federal transportation grant programs by two‐thirds; Reformed the environmental review process to speed up projects; Provided more flexibility to toll highways; Established performance‐based planning requirements. Expanded the number of planning factors to be considered by Metropolitan Planning Organizations from eight to ten in order to provide increased alignment with the economic goals; Strengthened Buy America requirements; Required USDOT to designate national electric vehicle charging corridors.
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
2015
Barack Obama
Other Important Acts
Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 and Amendments • Established the U.S. Economic Development Administration to create and retain jobs and to help stimulate industrial and commercial growth in distressed rural and urban communities across the nation; primarily focused on providing assistance to communities for infrastructure, including water, sewer and roads. • In the early‐1970s EDA’s portfolio expanded to include an extensive planning initiative which became the Partnership Planning program in support of regional Economic Development Districts . Older Americans Act of 1965 and Amendments • Response to concern by policymakers about a lack of community social services for older persons. Established authority for grants to states for community planning and social services, research and development projects, and personnel training in the field of aging. Subsequent amendments led to the formation of regional Area Agencies on Aging to help coordinated and deliver programming.
Other Important Acts
Clean Air Act of 1963 and Amendments • Requirements for air quality conformity for regional plans Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 • Incentives for metropolitan plans 1966 Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act
• 1968 amendment required federal‐aid applications for housing, roads, and infrastructure to be reviewed by an area‐wide planning agency for review and comment; Increased relevance of Councils of Governments Tennessee Development District Act of 1965 • Established 9 development districts/ regional councils across Tennessee in response to federal incentives and requirements
GNRC Designations
Transportation Planning & Coordination Across Middle Tennessee
Transportation Coordination
Tennessee Governor (TDOT) Municipal and County Mayors within • Metro Nashville‐Davidson County • Maury County • Robertson County • Rutherford County • Sumner County • Williamson County • Wilson County Representative of Public Transit Representative of County Highway Officials
Empowered by Federal law to cooperatively prioritize and program federal transportation grants across the seven ‐ county metropolitan planning area.
Federal Highway Administration Federal Transit Administration
Federal Requirements
10 Federal Planning Factors
In 2015, the U.S. Congress passed and the President signed into law the transportation act entitled, Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act). This federal legislation defines ten specific planning factors to be considered when developing transportation plans and programs in a metropolitan area to ensure consistency with national goals and objectives. FAST Act* Code of Federal Regulations Federal legislation, such as the FAST Act, is codified in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and published in the Federal Register by executive departments and agencies of the federal government. Title 23 of the United States Code (U.S.C.) contains rules and regulations for the regional transportation planning carried out by GNRC on behalf of the Nashville Area MPO (23 CFR Part 450, subpart C) with additional provisions provided in Title 49.
1. Support the economic vitality of the metropolitan area, especially by enabling global competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency. 2. Increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and non ‐ motorized users. 3. Increase the security of the transportation system for motorized and non ‐ motorized users. 4. Increase the accessibility and mobility options available to people and for freight. 5. Protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation, improve quality of life, and promote consistency between transportation improvements and State and local planned growth and economic development patterns. 6. Enhance the integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes, for people and freight. 7. Promote efficient system management and operation. 8. Emphasize the preservation of the existing transportation system. 9. Improve the resiliency and reliability of the transportation system and reduce or mitigate storm water impacts of surface transportation. 10. Enhance travel and tourism.
*The FAST Act requirements are extended by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
Core Products
Regional Transportation Plan • 20+ year plan for the region • Establishes vision and goals • Identifies priorities and investments • Next adoption: February 2026 Transportation Improvement Program • 4‐year funding program • Implements investments identified in the Regional Transportation Plan • Next adoption: October 2022 Transportation Planning Work Program • Two‐year program • Identifies planning activities, studies, and reports to support decision‐making • Next adoption: August 2023
All major roadway or transit investments in Middle Tennessee are implemented through the development of these products.
Tools & Resources
Transportation at GNRC.org
Or go directly to GNRC.org/Transportation
Interactive Tools
Regional Plan Map GNRC.org/Maps/2045RTP
Interactive TIP Database GNRC.org/TIP
TIP Amendments GNRC.org/Maps/2023TIP
TDOT iTRIP http://bit.ly/TDOTiTRIP
Data Dashboards
GNRC.org/Dashboards
Membership Resource Guide
One-Stop Shop • Purpose and Mission • State and Federal Designations • Organizational Structure • Boards and Committees • Programs and Services • Budget and Funding • Staff Leadership and Contacts
GNRC.org/MemberGuide
Social Media Channels
@TheGNRC
GNRC.org/YouTube
GNRC.org/LinkedIn
The Regional Plan
Federal Requirements
• Plans are required by federal law of every U.S. metropolitan area with 50,000+ people • Must cover 20+ years and account for all federally funded and regionally‐significant projects regardless of implementing agency (TDOT, local gov’t, transit agency) • Must include a balanced budget constrained by reasonable assumptions for future revenue • Must address 10 federal planning factors and national performance‐based planning requirements • Must be updated every 5 years
• Adopted by area mayors and transportation officials in Feb 2021 • Allocates all anticipated federal formula funds and state transportation dollars for region • Includes an analysis of existing infrastructure and forecasted conditions • Identifies strategies for addressing
road and bridge conditions, traffic congestion, roadway safety, freight movement, and active transportation options
GNRC.org/MidTNConnected
Population Gains Since 2010
2,322 Number of people added to the GNRC region each month since 2010
600 or more people Gaining Population
Rapid Growth Ahead
7 County Metropolitan Area of 2.7+ Million People by 2045
Today
2035
2045
Worsening Congestion
103% Increase in miles traveled within congested conditions 14% decline in average travel speeds
Today’s Travel Speeds
2045 Travel Speeds
2045 Congested Routes
Concerns about Roadway Safety
76% Increase in Pedestrian Fatalities over last five years
Crash Hot Spots
Pedestrian Fatality Locations
Other Issues of Importance
Public Heath Disparities & Cost Burdens
Demographic & Generational Shifts
Social Equity & Racial Justice
Fiscally Conservative Environment and Limited Revenue Options
Fiscal Assumptions
$10.5 Billion over the next 25 years
Base Funding Level $260 m Annual Amount of Federal Formula Funds
Revenue Growth 2% Annually
Inflation on Project Costs 4% Annually to the Year of Expenditure
Funding Benchmarks ‐ Peer Region Comparisons ‐
Planning Area Geography
Planning Area Population
Identified Funding ($B)
Annual Funding per Capita
Compared with 2045 RTP
Peer Region Agency Name
Denver Austin Atlanta
$
1,688.17
607% 234% 301% 192% 144% 127% 104%
Denver Regional Council of Governments Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
8 Counties 6 Counties 20 Counties 9 Counties 6 Counties 5 Counties 10 Counties 9 Counties 6 Counties 4 Counties 8 Counties
3,139,500 1,759,024 5,591,600 1,895,595 1,419,332 1,450,000 2,600,000 1,970,000 1,142,407 1,382,091 1,999,474 1,121,223 2,065,321 1,069,677 1,394,800
$106.00 $35.11 $107.00 $33.00 $20.70 $19.60 $31.71 $20.44 $10.42 $12.11 $15.67
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
798.28 956.79 696.35 583.35 540.69 487.83 415.13 364.96 292.05 313.52 292.54 291.90 331.88 243.76 208.69
Atlanta Regional Commission Mid‐America Regional Council
Kansas City Jacksonville Columbus Pittsburgh Indianapolis Memphis Cincinnatti Birmingham Orlando Louisville Charlotte Nashville (2040 Plan) Nashville (2045 Plan)
North Florida Transportation Planning Organization
Mid‐Ohio Regional Planning Commission Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission
74% 53% 22% 31% 23% 22% 39%
Indianapolis MPO
Oklahoma City Association of Central Oklahoma Governments
Memphis MPO
OKI Regional Council of Governments
Regional Planning Commission of Greater Birmingham 6 Counties
$8.20
MetroPlan Orlando
3 Counties 6 Counties 3 Counties
$15.07
Kentuckiana Regional Planning and Development Agency Charlotte Regional Transportation Planning Organization
$7.10 $8.50
2%
‐13%
Greater Nashville Regional Council (GNRC)
7 Counties
1,686,745
$8.80
$
238.65
Greater Nashville Regional Council (GNRC)
7 Counties
1,748,141
$10.43
Summary of Proposed Investments thru 2045
Regional Goals
Mitigate Congestion to Keep Region Moving
Maintain a State of Good Repair
Improve Roadway Safety for all Users
Increase Access to Economic Opportunity
Minimize Disruptive Impacts of Projects
Align with Local, State, and National Policies
How the Funding is Allocated
35% of funding is set-aside into programs for projects to be determined later
65% of funding is allocated to specific projects over the next 25 years
TN IMPROVE Act Projects 72% Prior Commitments 50% of funding will be needed to complete projects already programmed in short‐term work programs of funding will be used by TDOT to implement the projects listed in state law
Maintenance Programs Public Transit Vehicle Purchases and Replacements Spot Safety Improvements Active Transportation Technology Upgrades Air Quality Improvements
• • • • • •
PROJECTS BY PLANNING HORIZON
GNRC.org/Transportation
Source: GNRC
PROJECT LOCATION BY APPLICANT
Percent of Funding* 4% New Road or Extension 47% Road Widening 26% Road Reconstruct or MultiModal Upgrades 8% Interchange Work
TDOT Submitted Project Locally Submitted Project
*Of Itemized Projects
*SR 386 and I‐24 SE Corridor Projects Jointly Submitted as Regional Priority
GNRC.org/Transportation
Source: GNRC
ROADWAY SAFETY
97% of Projects
Top 25% Highest Crash Areas
GNRC.org/Transportation
Source: TDOS TITAN Database
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
66% of Projects
Top 10% Most Congested Areas
GNRC.org/Transportation
Source: TDOS TITAN Database and TDM
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Highly Vulnerable Communities
GNRC.org/Transportation
ENVIRONMENT
Environmentally Sensitive Areas
GNRC.org/Transportation
Source: GNRC
Funding Equity Allocation vs. Population and other Metrics
*Includes funding for any project located within county, including multi‐county projects
Key Takeaways and Opportunities for Continued Collaboration and Planning
Dependent on Federal Funds
607% 204% 301%
Denver Metro
Atlanta Metro
Austin Metro
Of the Plans for 15 peer regions, all accounted for more funding per capita than the Nashville area and half included more than twice the funding. Other regions having significant levels of funding dedicated to transportation from local, regional, or state revenue.
It is Hard to Move the Needle
Change between 2020 and 2045
With Funded Improvements
Average Travel Speeds
14% decline
3% better
12% worse (due to induced demand along congested routes)
VMT in Severe Congestion
103% increase
GNRC traffic modeling projects that even after the planned investments are implemented, aggregate level traffic congestion will not significantly improve. Alternatives are critical to freeing Middle Tennesseans from being held hostage by traffic congestion.
There is More Work to Do
More Collaboration
More Innovation
More Revenue
Broader public engagement and closer collaboration among community advocates, developers, and elected officials will be needed to build coalitions of support to fund transformative investment.
Other Opportunities Ongoing Studies for Better Transit, Smarter Technology, Walkable Communities, Efficient Freight and Deliveries, and More Equitable Access to Prosperity Provide Feedback on Project Design, Engineering, and Implementation through the Project Development Process Engage through your Employer, Chamber, Civic Club, or Favorite Non‐Profit Organization Stay Connected as we Reconvene for Another 5‐Year Planning Cycle to Address Transportation Challenges
Michael Skipper, AICP Executive Director mskipper@gnrc.org 615 ‐ 925 ‐ 2838 m
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