العدد 8 – يوليو/تموز 2026

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(37) Annelore Deprez, Karin Raeymaeckers, “Bias in The News? The Representation of Palestinians and Israelis in the Coverage of the First and Second Intifada,” the International Communication Gazette, Vol. 72, No. 1, (2010): 91–109. (38) Aziza Zaher, A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reports on the Israeli/Palestinian Conflict in Selected Arab and Western Newspapers, (A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2009). (39) Marda Dunsky, “Missing the Bias Implicit in the Absent,” Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3, (Summer 2001): 1-29. (40) Bilal Doufesh, Holger Briel, “Ethnocentrism in Conflict News Coverage: A Multimodal Framing Analysis of the 2018 Gaza Protests in The Times of Israel and Al Jazeera International,” Journal of Communication, 15 (2021): 4230–4251. (41) Matt Viser, “Attempted objectivity: An analysis of The New York Times and Ha’aretz and their portrayals of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict,” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, Vol. 8, No. 4, (September 2003): 114– 120. (42) Barbie Zelizer et., “How Bias Shapes the News: Challenging The New York Times’ Status as a Newspaper of Record on the Middle East,” Journalism, 3(3), 2002 pp. 283-307. (43) Hafiza Arikat, Eye on the media: the Israel - Palestine conflict, (Master of Art in Sociology, California State University, 2011). (44) Deprez, Raeymaeckers, “Bias in The News?,” 91-109. (45) Labévière, “Choc des civilisations, choc des représentations et ruses de la raison médiatiques,”: 171-176. ) انظر على سبيل المثال: 46 ( - Henry Widdowson, “Discourse analysis: A Critical View,” Language and Literature, Vol. 4, Issue. 3, (1995): 175–182. - Henry Widdowson, “Review Article The Theory and Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis,” Applied Linguistics, Vol. 19, Issue. 1, (1998): 136-151.

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