التقليديـة والرقميـة والـذكاء الاصطناعـي؛ مـا يعكـس مجاراتهـا المسـتمرة للتحـولات في بيئـة الاتصـال العالـمي. ، الدبلوماسـية الرقميـة، صـراع 2.0 الدعايـة الإسـرائيلية، هسـبارا كلمـات مفتاحيـة: السـرديات، الحـرب على غـزة. Abstract: This study examines Israeli propaganda narratives, their transformations and their strategies in the war on Gaza during the period spanning 2008 to 2025 through a second-order qualitative analysis of academic studies addressing five major wars: the Battle of al-Furqan (or Operation Cast Lead) (2008–2009), Operation Stones of Baked Clay (or Operation Pillar of Defence) (2012), the Battle of the Withered Grain (or Operation Protective Edge) (2014), the Battle of the Sword of Jerusalem (or Operation Guardian of the Walls) (2021), and Operation Tufan al-Aqsa (the Iron Swords War) (2023–2025). The study explores shifts in Israeli propaganda through four analytical approaches: central narratives, political contexts, communication media and target audiences. The analytical sample consists of 36 Arab and foreign studies collected through searches in digital academic databases. The study employs content analysis to compile and examine the findings of these studies. Tracing Israeli propaganda discourse reveals transformations in Israeli narratives and propaganda strategies that reflect adaptation to political and technological changes. The discourse shifted from a military- security framework to a humanitarian and justificatory one, eventually evolving into a discourse of victimhood, reflecting its continuous adaptation to international contexts and changing trends in public opinion. The findings also demonstrate the evolution of Israeli propaganda strategies from traditional state-controlled media messaging to a multi-platform information war. The focus consistently remained on portraying Israel as a victim of “ terrorism ” and justifying military operations as “ self-defence ” . Over time, these methods expanded to include real-time social media campaigns and the management of media disinformation. The analysis further indicates that Israeli propaganda has been closely tied to shifts in the political and international context, adapting at each stage to reproduce its narrative in ways that serve its strategic interests. Accordingly, the nature of target audiences also evolved: from the domestic Israeli public to Western and international audiences, then to Arab audiences, and ultimately to a diverse
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