العدد 8 – يوليو/تموز 2026

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(7) Thymian Bussemer, “propaganda,” in Encyclopedia of political communication, eds. Lynda Lee Kaid, Christina Holtz-Bacha, (California: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008), 658. (8) Thomas M. Steinfatt, “Propaganda Theory,” in Encyclopedia of Communication Theory, eds. Stephen W. Littlejohn, Karen A. Foss, (London: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009), p. 804. (9) Lucía Martínez Plazas, Uncovering Israel’s public diplomacy strategies after October 7th, (Master thesis, Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, 2024), 10. (10) Ibid, 12-13. (11) Omer Dostri, “Israel’s Struggle with the Information Dimension and Influence Operations during the Gaza War: The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth,” Military Review, June 2024, “accessed August 17, 2024”. https://tinyurl.com/mvpya9hs. (12) Muhammad Hussain Baqeri, “Hasbara: Israel’s propaganda strategy, iqbalforum.org, February 6, 2025, “accessed February 17, 2025”. https:// tinyurl.com/3p6naanu. (13) Oren Barak et al., “The shift to Defence in Israel’s hybrid military strategy,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2, (June 2020): 345–377. (14) Baqeri, “Hasbara: Israel’s propaganda strategy,” op, cit. (15) Karolina Jędrzejewska, “Hasbara: Public diplomacy with Israeli characteristics,” Torun International Studies, Vol. 1, No. 13, (May 10, 2020): 105–118. (16) Dostri, “Israel’s Struggle with the Information Dimension and Influence Operations during the Gaza War,” op, cit. (17) Mohammed wesam Amer, “Critical discourse analysis of war reporting in the international press: the case of the Gaza war of 2008–2009,” Palgrave Communications, Vol. 3, No. 1, (October 21, 2017), “accessed February 17, 2025”. https://tinyurl.com/4w238a7r. (18) Hyunjin Seo, “Visual Propaganda in the Age of Social Media: An Empirical Analysis of Twitter Images during the 2012 Israeli–Hamas Conflict.” Visual Communication Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 3, (November 2014): 150–161.

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