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(64) Seo, “Visual Propaganda in the Age of Social Media: An Empirical Analysis of Twitter Images during the 2012 Israeli–Hamas Conflict.”: 150– 161. (65) “Israel using social media to win Arabs’ ‘hearts and minds’,” The Arab Weekly, January 13, 2021, “accessed September 18, 2025”. https://tinyurl. com/5n6bh8j3. (66) Manor, Crilley, “Visually framing the Gaza War of 2014: The Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Twitter,”: 369-391. (67) Chris Rodley, “FCJ 200 When Memes Go to War: Viral Propaganda in the 2014 Gaza-Israel Conflict,” The Fibreculture Journal, No. 27, (2016), “accessed September 18, 2025”. https://tinyurl.com/uufr8zdh. (68) Ibid. (69) Shahirah Elaiza Wan Hassan, “Hashtag Wars: Twitter as a Discursive Space in the ‘Battle of Narratives’ between pro-Israelis and pro-Palestinians, (Master Thesis, University of Wellington, 2016). (70) Ayelet Kohn, “Instagram as a naturalized propaganda tool: The Israel Defense Forces Web site and the phenomenon of shared values,” Convergence, Vol. 23, No. 2, (2015) : 197-213. (71) Yarchi et al., “Facebook users’ engagement with Israel’s public diplomacy messages during the 2012 and 2014 military operations in Gaza,”: 360–375. (72) Alrantisi et al., “Utilizing Digital Diplomacy in the Israeli Discourse to Influence Arab Public Opinion during the Israeli Aggression on Gaza 2021,”: 736-753. (73) Yarchi et al., “Facebook users’ engagement with Israel’s public diplomacy messages during the 2012 and 2014 military operations in Gaza,”: 360–375. (74) Mohamad Hamas Elmasry, “Images of the Israel-Gaza War on Instagram,”: 695-721. (75) Manor, Crilley, “Visually framing the Gaza War of 2014,”: 369-391. (76) Elmasry, “Images of the Israel-Gaza War on Instagram,”: 695-721. (77) Yarchi et al., “Facebook users’ engagement with Israel’s public diplomacy messages during the 2012 and 2014 military operations in Gaza,”: 360–375.
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