3.4.1
The Pharaoh
SkillBuilder discussion Historical questions 1. Describe the role of the pharaoh in ancient Egyptian society. 2. Identify the ýrst known pharaoh of ancient Egypt. 3. Explain the primary responsibilities of the pharaoh in ancient Egyptian society.
SOURCE2 The pharaoh’s power was shown by his false beard, bull’s tail, and holding a þail (Osiris symbol) and shepherd’s crook (symbol of kingship).
Power and responsibility The pharaoh was the wealthiest and most powerful person in ancient Egypt, supported by an army, priests, scribes and ofýcials. He ruled alone and was seen as a god. Heavenly powers Egyptians believed the pharaoh had supernatural powers, descended from Amun-Ra, with Horus within him. They thought his laws controlled everything, from the Nile þoods to crop growth. Out of respect, they called him pharaoh, meaning ‘great house’. Earthly responsibilities The pharaoh was expected to protect and feed the people and keep peace. He made laws, controlled the government and army, and was shown as a military hero in art (see SOURCE2 ). Few speciýc laws have survived, and cases were likely judged by ofýcials. The pharaoh managed temple building, tax collection, mines, irrigation, trade and religious ceremonies. He appointed ofýcials and priests. His wealth came from taxes paid in labour and produce. Thousands worked on his farms or in the palace as cooks, cleaners, dancers, stable workers, craftsmen, weavers and wigmakers.
86 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator