LESSON 3.8 What were the effects of war and trade?
LEARNING INTENTION By the end of this lesson you should be able to: • describe ancient Egypt’s contact with other societies through trade and war • identify the reasons for Egypt’s rise and eventual decline.
Tune in Egypt fought conþicts with several societies, including Nubia, Libya, the Hyksos, Hittites and the Peoples of the Sea. However, none were as feared as the Assyrians, known for their iron weapons, disciplined military, and brutal tactics of killing, torturing and enslaving resistors.
SOURCE1 A wall panel depicting Assyrian soldiers attacking a fort
1. Examine SOURCE 1 and identify three Assyrian military tactics depicted in the wall panel. 2. Discuss why an ancient society might choose to go to war. 3. Evaluate the impacts of wars on winners as well as losers.
3.8.1 From the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom Empires are created by force and eventually fall. Egypt faced civil wars and invasions but also had strong governments that expanded control (see timeline in lesson 3.1). Egypt began as two kingdoms — Upper and Lower Egypt — united by King Narmer around 3100 BCE (see map in lesson 3.3). Egypt’s history spanned 2700 years, with three key periods of unity and power: the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms. The Old Kingdom: peace and stability The Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) was marked by pyramid construction and advancements in building and art. The era was one of peace, stability and prosperity, leading to the creation of the Great Sphinx. The kingdom thrived due to Nile þoods, irrigation and trade with Nubia. A strong central government
106 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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