LESSON 3.12 Review 3.12.1
Key knowledge summary Use this dot-point summary to review the content covered in this topic. 3.2 How do we know about ancient Egypt? • Scholars have read ancient Egyptian sources since hieroglyphs were decoded in the nineteenth century. 3.3 Why was the River Nile so important? • Egyptian civilisation relied on the Nile. • The Nile’s þoods gave fertile soil for farming. • The Nile was important for transport and defence and was connected to the gods. 3.4 What was Egyptian society like? • Egyptian society was structured like a pyramid. • Pharaohs had great power and responsibility. • Most people were peasants, but some had skilled jobs. • Women had fewer rights than men but more than in other ancient societies. 3.5 What did ancient Egyptians believe? • Ancient Egyptians worshipped many gods. • They believed in the afterlife and buried possessions for it. • Mummiýcation was a careful and complex process. • Burial customs give us most of the evidence about ancient Egypt. 3.6 What is the truth about the pyramids? • In the Old Kingdom, pyramids housed pharaohs’ mummies. • Egyptians used stone, wood and bronze tools to build them. • Later pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings due to pyramid robberies. 3.7 Who were Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Nefertiti? • Tutankhamun’s tomb is important because its contents were not robbed. • Akhenaten led a religious revolution, making Aten the main god. • Nefertiti was Akhenaten’s inþuential wife. 3.8 What were the effects of war and trade? • Egypt traded and fought with other countries. • During strong periods, Egypt drove out invaders and dominated other lands. • During weak times, Egypt was invaded. 3.9 Rameses II — Egypt’s greatest pharaoh? • Rameses II is seen as the greatest pharaoh for his military success and monuments. • His greatness is debated since much evidence was built on his orders. 3.10 What should we thank the Egyptians for? • Egyptians invented paper, makeup, a 365-day calendar and mathematics. 3.11 Inquiry: How have powerful women been recorded and treated in history? • Hatshepsut was one of few women to become pharaoh. • After her death in 1458 BCE, her images were removed and attempts were made to erase her from history.
TOPIC3 Ancient Egypt 121
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