5.5 SkillBuilder activity QUESTIONING AND RESEARCHING, USING HISTORICAL SOURCES Read SOURCE4 . What questions can we ask of Polybius to unpack what he’s trying to say about the discipline in the army? Write four questions you could use to analyse SOURCE4 . For example, why was being careless on patrol so bad that it would lead to such a brutal and public death?
SOURCE4 The Roman historian, Polybius, reports that discipline in the army was harsh, with penalties that included death.
A court martial composed of the tribunes is convened at once to try [a soldier for being careless on patrol duty]. If he is found guilty he is punished by the bastinado. This is inþicted as follows: the tribune takes a cudgel [short, heavy stick] and just touches the condemned man with it, after which all in the camp beat or stone him, in most cases dispatching [killing] him in the camp itself.
5.5
Exercise
Learning pathways LEVEL1 1, 3, 4, 5
LEVEL2
LEVEL3
2, 6, 7, 8
9, 10
REMEMBER AND UNDERSTAND 1. The Roman army fought in spring and autumn for good weather. True or False? 2. Explain what began to change in the Roman army from 396 BCE and why. 3. What did Roman soldiers have to pay for out of their own wages? A. Time to farm their land B. Soldiers did not get wages. C. Their own equipment and armour D. Nothing 4. How were Roman soldiers employed when not ýghting? Select all that apply.
A. As teachers and scholars B. Building camps and roads C. As merchants and traders D. Building walls and aqueducts 5. Deýne the following terms: ‘auxiliaries’, ‘aqueduct’, ‘loot’.
ANALYSE AND APPLY 6. Use SOURCE2 to sketch and label a diagram of a testudo. 7. Using SOURCE2 , explain what was meant to happen when a Roman javelin pierced an enemy’s shield. 8. Explain why the tactics shown in SOURCE2 made the Romans powerful enemies. 9. State what beneýts Roman soldiers could receive from their leaders. EVALUATE AND COMMUNICATE 10. Rome’s military leaders gained popular support by granting loot from battles to soldiers. Evaluate what dangers this practice could have presented to Rome. Answers and sample responses for this topic are available online.
144 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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