Caesar or rex? After defeating Pompey, some senators accused Caesar of being like a king. On 15 March 44 BCE, they arranged his murder. Those who fatally stabbed him included his old and trusted friend, Marcus Brutus.
SOURCE5 Suetonius’s description of Caesar’s assassination (Suetonius lived about 69–140 CE)
As soon as Caesar took his seat [in the Senate House], the conspirators crowded around him as if to pay their respects. Tillius Cimber ... came up close, pretending to ask a question ... caught hold of [Caesar’s] shoulders. ‘This is violence!’ Caesar cried, and at that moment one of the Casca brothers slipped behind and with a sweep of the dagger stabbed him just below the throat. Caesar grasped Casca’s arm and ran it through with his stylus; he was leaping away when another dagger caught him in the breast. Confronted by a ring of drawn daggers, he drew the top of his gown over his face ... Twenty-three dagger thrusts went home as he stood there.
The Roman Empire After Caesar’s assassination, Octavian (later called Augustus) became ruler and declared himself emperor, starting a dynasty that ruled until 68 CE.
SOURCE6 The Roman Empire at its peak. The empire consisted of a number of provinces, each ruled by a governor.
Key
Cadiz
Settlement
NORTH
DACIA
Territory
SEA
Roman provinces by 201 BCE
Roman provinces by 44 BCE
BRITTANIA
Londinium
Roman provinces by 96 CE
Roman provinces by 106 CE
Paris
GALLIA
NORICUM
DACIA
BLACK SEA
MOESIA
ITALIA
CORSICA
BITHYNIA AND PONTUS
Rome
THRACIA
Byzantium
MACEDONIA
HISPANIA
ASIA MINOR
GALATIA
CAPPADOCIA
SARDINIA
CILICIA
LYCIA
SICILIA
Carthage
Cadiz
SYRIA
AFRICA
MEDITERRANEAN
SEA
Leptis Magna
JUDEA
ARABIA
Alexandria
AEGYPTUS
SAHARA DESERT
0
1000
500
kilometres
Source: Map drawn by Spatial Vision
148 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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