LESSON 5.14 Review 5.14.1
Key knowledge summary Use this dot point summary to review the content covered in this topic. 5.2 How do we know about ancient Rome? • Ancient Romans left vast amounts of written evidence.
• Rome has many archaeological treasures. 5.3 How did Rome become so powerful? • According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BCE. • In 509 BCE, the Romans rebelled against their Etruscan kings and founded a republic. • Rome grew powerful through alliances and conquest. 5.4 How did the Roman Empire grow? • Through the Punic Wars, between 264 and 146 BCE, Rome eliminated a major rival and became the strongest power in the Mediterranean region. • By 96 CE, Rome had extended its empire into northern Europe and to the Black Sea. 5.5 Why was the Roman army so successful? • From 396 BCE, the Roman army became a professional ýghting force. • Roman army discipline was harsh. • Legionary rewards gained support for leaders. 5.6 How was Rome ruled?
• Roman citizens were divided into patricians and plebeians. • Julius Caesar seized power in 49 BCE but was assassinated. • Octavian ended the republic and controlled Rome 27 BCE. 5.7 How brutal was Roman slavery? • Spartacus led a slave revolt in 73 BCE, defeating Roman legions before defeat. • Slaves could be treated with great brutality. 5.8 What was it like to live in the Roman Empire? • Widespread use of slave labour changed Roman society. • Vast differences existed between the lives of rich and poor Romans. • Greek culture inþuenced the lives of the more privileged Romans. • Roman technology built enduring, impressive structures. 5.9 What did ancient Romans believe about death? • Funeral customs reveal ancient Roman beliefs and values. • Honouring dead ancestors was seen as duty.
5.10 How did ancient Roman laws and religion change? • Roman law dealt mainly with the rights of men as citizens. • Women, children and slaves followed the male head’s authority.
• Emperors increasingly enacted laws through decrees. • Romans worshipped hundreds of gods and goddesses. • Christianity transformed from being persecuted to the state religion in 391 CE.
176 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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