7.9 What is the heritage of ancient China? • China’s legacies include an amazing number of inventions, including printing and gunpowder. • China’s cultural heritage includes many UNESCO-listed sites, including the Great Wall and the Mausoleum of the First Emperor. 7.10 Inquiry: How should we judge the legacy of Qin Shihuang? • Traditionally, Chinese historians have regarded Qin Shihuang as a particularly cruel and ruthless ruler. • Han dynasty historians had an interest in portraying the ýrst emperor as a villain. • In modern times, Chinese historians have tended to value Qin Shihuang as a far-sighted ruler who created China’s ýrst uniýed state. 7.11.2 Key terms acupuncture a medical practice in which long, sharp needles are inserted under the skin as a means of diagnosing, relieving or curing illness anaesthetic a drug to deaden pain artiýcer a craftsperson or inventor bureaucrat a government ofýcial castrated having had the testicles cut off concubines women who lived with the emperor in a relationship but were not married to him conscripted forced to become a soldier constellations groups of stars Daoism a Chinese philosophy and spiritual tradition that teaches people to live in harmony with the Dao (the way) deported forced to leave the country dissection the systematic cutting up of a body for medical study halberds daggers mounted on axe handles infantry foot soldiers mandate of heaven a Chinese expression meaning that a ruler had been chosen by the gods mausoleum a large tomb structure Philosophy study of the fundamental principles and causes of things warlords generals from powerful landowning families Xiongnu the ancient Chinese name for the nomadic Turkic tribes of Central Asia
7.11.3 Reþection Complete the following to reþect on your learning.
Revisit the inquiry question posed in the Overview: Why and where did ancient China’s civilisation emerge, and what were its deýning features, achievements and legacies? 1. Now that you have completed this topic, what is your view on the question? Discuss with a partner. Has your learning in this topic changed your view? If so, how? 2. Write a paragraph in response to the inquiry question outlining your views.
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222 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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