Jobs and economy Most jobs are in the informal sector , like rickshaw driving, street vending and garment work. Women often work as servants or in agriculture , where pay is low, and all family members might need to work. Food is grown on vacant land within and around the city.
Child labour
Child labour is common. It is estimated that 28 per cent of children between the ages of 5–11 and 35 per cent of children aged from 12—14 are working. Close to one-third have full- time jobs and are not attending school. Most are employed by the manufacturing sector, followed by agriculture. Around 34 per cent of children are working in hazardous industries which pose a signiýcant risk to their health and safety. Poverty In 2024 about 18.7 per cent of the population lived below the poverty line, surviving on less than $2.15 per day. This is a decrease over 2022 when 22.4 per cent of the population was classed as living below the poverty line. This increase is largely attributed to increased cost of living, urbanisation and overpopulation. Despite these hardships, many people believe city life offers a better quality of life than rural areas.
FIGURE10 Children undertake exhausting work and are often paid very little. They undertake informal work, meaning it is not regulated and they are not protected by formal labour laws.
Healthcare Healthcare in Dhaka is mainly hospital-based in the formal city areas but lacks enough beds, equipment and staff. Slums lack medical facilities, and many can’t afford treatment. While some private charities offer maternal health programs, mortality rates are considered high. Around 3 per cent of babies born will die within their ýrst month of life, and a further 2.5 per cent before their ýrst birthday. Another 3 per cent will die before the age of 5. Around 2 per cent of pregnant women will die from pregnancy-related complications. 10.7 SkillBuilder activity COMMUNICATING 1. Choose a city from the other least liveable cities and a liveable city (refer to lesson 10.3) and investigate how their natural environments create challenges and provide beneýts. Consider the city’s location, climate and landscape. 2. Find an image of each of your chosen cities that you think best reþects what you have discovered during your investigation. 3. Annotate your images to communicate your ýndings.
TOPIC10 Place and liveability 383
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