FIGURE2 Distribution of hunger, 2023
ARCTIC OCEAN
Arctic Circle
PACIFIC
ATLANTIC
Tropic of Cancer
OCEAN
OCEAN
Equator
INDIAN
Percentage of population undernourished
OCEAN
Tropic of Capricorn
35% and over 25–34.9% 15–24.9% 5–14.9% <5%
No data
0
2500
5000 km
Source: FAO (2021–2023). Prevalence of undernourishment (percent) (3-year average). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-food-security-nutrition/2-1-1/en/. Map drawn by Spatial Vision.
FIGURE3 Causes of hunger
Conflict becomes more important than food
There is a lack of key agricultural infrastructure, such as roads, warehouses and irrigation. The results
production. Farmers have difficulty getting to and from markets, crops are destroyed, many are forced off the land, and fields and water may be contaminated.
include high transport costs, lack of storage facilities and unreliable water supply.
The poverty cycle means the poor cannot afford to buy or produce enough food. This leaves them hungry and weak and less able to produce more food.
Growing export crops such as coffee, cocoa and sugar produces export income while decreasing basic food production. Food becomes expensive.
Extreme weather events such as floods, tropical storms and long periods of drought ruin crops and infrastructure.
Poor farming techniques, deforestation, overcropping and overgrazing reduce soil fertility.
414 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 7 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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