10.13.2 Impact of hunger Poor nutrition worsens the health and energy deýcits caused by food scarcity. TABLE1 The impact of hunger is felt by individuals, families, communities, regions and whole countries. Social impacts Economic impacts Environmental impacts People fall ill Food production drops Soil overuse Many, especially children, die Urban populations swell Excessive land clearing Fathers seek work elsewhere Poverty rises
Declines in soil fertility and biodiversity Water deýcits and ecosystem stress
Political unrest arises
Governments struggle to fund infrastructure
10.13.3 Ending hunger Organisations work to reduce hunger by providing immediate food or improving future food production. Actions include: • Individuals donating to hunger relief groups • Governments of affected countries assisting the poor or upgrading infrastructure • Other countries offering ýnancial and food aid • The United Nations, through programs like the World Food Program, providing support 10.13.4 Sustainable Development Goals Poverty hinders infrastructure building and liveability, so reducing poverty is crucial for better living conditions globally. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals In 2000, the United Nations (UN), with 193 members, started the Millennium Development Goals to end extreme poverty by 2015. In 2015, 17 new goals were set for 2030 to achieve zero hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. TABLE2 shows the eight Millennium Development Goals and 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals.
TABLE2 UN Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030
Millennium Development Goals 2000–2015 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women
Achievements of MDGs Fewer people in extreme poverty Increased primary school enrolments More girls attending school
Related SDGs
Nopoverty
Industry, innovation and infrastructure Reduced inequalities
Zero hunger
Good health and wellbeing
Sustainable cities and communities
Reduce child mortality
Higher baby survival rates Quality education
Responsible consumption and production
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TOPIC10 Place and liveability 415
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