• Stories related to the Dreaming, when the spirit ancestors travelled the land creating all the physical features such as mountains and rivers • Archaeological evidence of the Deep Time history of the region 3. Write a simple explanation of the culture and beliefs of your chosen group that could be understood by a nineteenth-century European. Focus on the importance of Country, kinship and belief to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
2.6
Exercise
Learning pathways LEVEL1 2, 4, 6
LEVEL2 1, 3, 5, 7, 8
LEVEL3
9, 10
REMEMBER AND UNDERSTAND 1. Briefly explain what the kinship system is and why it is of such significance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. 2. How were kinship and trade connected? A. Ceremonies and exchanging of gifts strengthened Kinship networks. B. Kinship ties and agreements were complex and determined who traded. C. Trade goods were shared carefully to honour all kinship connections. D. All of the above 3. Suggest reasons why all trade negotiations were conducted on the shoreline of the Torres Strait Islands. 4. State whether each of the following statements is true or false. a. Two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people could not have the same totem. b. Totems were chosen by the individual. c. Totems helped Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to manage their resources. d. A totem was given at the time of a person’s birth.
e. Totems were used for trade among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. 5. Explain what totems are and why they vary from one community to another.
APPLY AND ANALYSE 6. SOURCE2 explains what kinship means. Describe how the Kulin strengthened their kinship ties. 7. Infer what the artist of SOURCE3 shows about Wurundjeri culture. How does this help us understand the role of kinship and ceremony in their daily life? 8. Refer to SOURCE1 to understand the importance of totems. Describe how the totems in the artwork show the natural environment. 9. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities call more people ‘brother’ or ‘sister’. Explain what this suggests about kinship relationships. EVALUATE AND COMMUNICATE 10. Construct a list of questions to explore this main question: How important were kinship systems and totems to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples? Answers and sample responses for this topic are available online.
TOPIC2 Deep Time to modern era 39
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