opportunity cost the next best alternative given up whenever a choice is made pagan a name used to refer to people who believed in non-Christian gods papyrus paper made from crushing reeds part-time an employee who works fewer than 35 hours per week patricians members of the aristocratic families who founded the Roman Republic patronage supporting and encouraging authors and artists Pay As You Go (PAYG) Pay As You Go tax system persecution hostility, violence or ill-will directed at a person or group of people on the basis of their personal characteristics perspectives point of view or attitude Philosophy study of the fundamental principles and causes of things place a speciýc location on Earth that has unique physical and human characteristics, making it meaningful to people. plebeians all non-patrician citizens of Rome Pleistocene a period of Earth’s history from about 2.6 million to 11 700 years ago, known for ice ages and early human development pluralism a system or idea where different groups, beliefs or opinions are accepted and have the right to exist and be heard in society or government political media news, articles and other content that provide information or opinions about politics, government and public issues popular sovereignty the idea that the people have the power to choose their leaders and make decisions through voting population density the number of people per square kilometre potential resource a resource that exists but is unusable in its current state, such as salt water, ice and water vapour precipitation a form of water from the atmosphere; e.g. rainfall, snow prehistory the period before writing was invented presumption of innocence the principle that all accused people who appear before a court are presumed to be innocent until the prosecution proves that they are guilty primary research collection of original information primary sources objects and documents that were created or written in the period of time that the historian is investigating procedural fairness having fair procedures in place to protect the rights of all parties producer an individual or a business involved in the production of goods and services progressive income tax a tax system whereby the percentage of tax paid increases as income increases prosecution the party bringing a criminal action against the accused prosecutor the person who presents a criminal case on behalf of the state public bath a public building complex containing baths of varying temperatures, and sports and beauty facilities; a popular meeting place for Roman citizens pull factors reasons that attract people to come and live in a place pumice lava ejected from a volcano that solidiýes into a light, porous rock push factors reasons that encourage people to leave a place and go somewhere else rainfall variability the change from year to year in the amount of rainfall in a given location referendum a process of allowing the people to vote on an important issue region any area of varying size that has one or more characteristics in common relative humidity the amount of moisture in the air remote a place that is distant from major population centres renewable resource a resource that can be naturally replaced if carefully managed repeal removing a law so that it no longer applies republic a system of government in which the head of state is not a monarch resource allocation decisions about how scarce resources are distributed among producers, and which types of goods and services will be produced to satisfy wants and needs
GLOSSARY 627
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