resources items of value that we use to produce goods and services to satisfy needs and wants, which include land, labour, capital and enterprise rhetoric the art of public speaking rights the freedoms and protections guaranteed to all citizens in a democracy, including the right to vote, participate in government decisions, express opinions and be treated equally under the law rites of passage ceremonial events that mark transitions in a person’s life, for example some ceremonies apply to young people between 10 and 16 years, representing a point of transition from childhood to adulthood royal assent the formal approval by the monarch’s representative, and the ýnal step necessary before a law comes into force ruleof law the legal principle that all citizens are subject to the law, and equal before the law, as it is upheld by independent courts sago a starch food obtained from palm used to produce a þour salary ýxed or regular payment for work completed or services performed Samnites a mountain tribe of central Italy sarcophagus stone or wooden cofýn (often inscribed or decorated) in Egypt scale the ratio that shows how much smaller a map is compared to the real world, e.g., one centimetre on a map equals one kilometre in real life scarcity the economic problem of having unlimited needs and wants, but limited resources to satisfy them seachange the act of leaving a fast-paced urban life for a more relaxing lifestyle in a small coastal town seagrass marine plants with the same basic structure as terrestrial (land) plants. They trap and stabilise sediment and provide habitats and food sources for green turtles and ýsh. seasonal an employee who usually works during a season, such as winter or the fruit-picking season secondary research collection of resources on an issue, prepared by others and offering different viewpoints secondary sources reconstructions of the past written or created by people living at a time after the period that the historian is studying secular not having a connection to religion Senate the governing body in ancient Rome; (in theory) an advisory body of ex-magistrates services actions done for you by others to satisfy your needs and wants shadoof an irrigation device used to lift water from the river signiýcance the importance assigned to particular aspects of the past (e.g. events, developments, movements and historical sites) soak place where groundwater moves up to the surface social cohesion the degree to which communities are united by shared values, traditions and experiences sole trader a person who owns and operates a business alone, taking full responsibility for its proýts and losses southern oscillation a major air pressure shift between the Asian and east Paciýc regions; its most common extremes are El Niño events speciýc powers areas that the federal government controls under the Constitution speculator a person who invests in stocks, property or other ventures in the hope of achieving a proýt and a source of income stalemate a situation in a contest or conþict in which neither side can defeat the other standard of living quality of life as measured by the amount of money made by an individual or household (using income per capita or income per household) storm surges a sudden increase in sea level as a result of storm activity and strong winds; low-lying land may be þooded subjective information that is based on opinion or bias supply a market force that relates to the quantity of a particular good or service that producers are willing to sell at a given price over a period of time
628 GLOSSARY
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator