APAC Pelargonium Webinar 2: Successful Finish

Pelargonium x hortorum. Deep dive into technology. Part II

Syngenta Flowers APAC Technical Webinar for Tropical Regions 12-11-2024 2 p.m.

Inka Orange 70041091

Short recap of previous Webinar • Pelargonium assortment overview (Multibloom, Inspire, Ringo 2000, Cabaret, Dancer, Horizon, Horizon Shadow, Pinto Premium, Divas, BullsEye, Quantum, Maverick). • Keep pH higher (6.0―6.5) . • Temperature regime. High temperature blocks germination. • Avoid temperature bleaching (ventilation, cooling evaporation, outer shading). • Feed pelargonium well & don’t forget to control (EC & pH in the water and in the substrate). • Prevent stretching (high EC, day/night DIF, Cycocel). • Bacterial diseases control.

Your questions are welcome through Q&A!

Horizon Lavender 70092139

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Benefits of Syngenta Pelargoniums

Pinto premium in landscape.

Pinto premium Red.

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5 components of success with Pelargoniums

Pot size.

Bacterial diseases.

pH>6.0!

Fe & Mn toxicity.

Beware of NH 4 + .

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Use it well!

Pelargonium x hortorum*

F1 series

OP series

Quantum

Maverick

Bulls Eye

Divas

Pinto premium

Horizon Shadow

Cabaret

Horizon

Dancer

Ringo 2000

Inspire

Multi- bloom

Pot size.

* Circle size depends on varieties number in the series.

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Suitable pot size.

Large Packs*

0.5 l (10 cm)

1 l (11 to 12 cm)

1.25 to 2.5 l (11 to 17 cm)

3 to 8 l (20 to 25 cm)

6 l hanging basket

8 l hanging basket

Series

Multibloom

1 (6-7 w)

1 (6-8 w)

―

Inspire

1 (7 w)

1 (6-8 w)

1 (7-8 w)

2-3 (7-8 w)

―

Ringo 2000 Cabaret (OP) Dancer (OP)

1 (7-8 w)

1 (6-8 w)

1 (8-10 w)

―

4-5 (10-12 w)

―

1 (6-7 w)

1 (6-8 w)

1 (8-10 w)

―

1 (7-8 w)

1 (6-8 w)

1 (8-10 w)

―

4-5 (10-12 w)

―

Horizon

1 (7-8 w)

1 (6-8 w)

1 (8-10 w)

1 (10-12 w)

3 (10-12 w)

3-5 (7-8 w)

5 (10-12 w)

Horizon Shadow Pinto Premium

1 (7-8 w)

1 (7-10 w)

1 (8-10 w)

1 (10-12 w)

3 (10-12 w)

3-5 (7-8 w)

5 (10-12 w)

―

1 (7-10 w)

1 (8-10 w)

1 (10-12 w)

3 (10-12 w)

3-5 (10-12 w)

5 (10-12 w)

Divas

―

1 (7-9 w)

1 (8-10 w)

1 (10-12 w)

3-5 (10-12 w)

3-5 (9-11 w)

5 (10-12 w)

Pot size.

BullsEye

―

1 (7-10 w)

1 (8-10 w)

1 (10-12 w)

3-5 (10-12 w)

5 (10-12 w)

Quantum

―

1 (10-12 w)

3-5 (10-12 w)

5-6 (12-13 w)

Maverick

―

1 (7-10 w)

1 (8-10 w)

1 (11-12 w)

3-5 (11-13 w) 5 (11-13 w) * Plants per pot (weeks from transplanting). 3-5 (11-13 w)

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Substrate. Keep pH 6.1 ― 6.5

• Porous substrate (Up to 30% of perlite). • Suitable substrate components:

 cocopeat  peatmoss  wood fiber peat

Wood fiber based.

• Rinse cocopeat well. • Airy agent: perlite >coco cheaps > zeolite > vermiculite > sand. • Sift the substrate to obtain a uniform particle size 5―20 mm. • pH range: 6.1―6.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cocopeat.

pH > 6.0.

Peatmoss.

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Substrate. Keep pH 6.1―6.5

• What about vermicompost & natural soil?

• Yes, it is possible to use different kind of mixtures but avoid or reduce vermicompost :  1/3 natural soil + 1/3 cocopeat + 1/6 husk compost + 1/6 perlite,  2/3 cocopeat + 1/6 natural soil + 1/6 husk compost,  1/4 rice husk + 1/4 cocopeat + 1/4 natural soil + 1/4 perlite,  1/4 rice husk + 1/4 cocopeat + 1/4 natural soil + 1/8 perlite + 1/8 vermicompost… • But do not forget about pH range: 6.1―6. 5

pH > 6.0.

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Substrates mixtures.

• At ready stage most of component are suitable if you provide good protection. • Add Trichoderma-base or bacterial-base chemical into substrate mixture.

Bacterial diseases.

pH > 6.0!

EXAMPLE

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When to transplant.

5―6 leaves is ideal stage

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General growing conditions.

• Pelargonium is light loving crop. • Temperature - Day:

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

- Night:

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

• Light intensity : 60―80 KLk

Partial Sun/Shade

Moderate Shade

Full Sun

Light Shade

Heavy Shade

Level 5 SATURATED

Level 4 WET

Level 3 MEDIUM

Level 2 MEDIUM DRY

Level 1 DRY

Provide space. Let them talk, but don't let them touch.

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Feed your pelargoniums properly.

Factors affect Fe & Mn excess: • pH • Water quality • Fertilizers contein

Fe & Mn toxicity.

Healthy leaves.

Fe / Mn excess.

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Feed pelargoniums well.

• Substrate EC (SME): 1 .5―2.1 mS/cm • Provide plant with 200―250 ppm of nitrogen. • Do not use too much phosphorus! • Suitable NPK rate: 15 - 5 - 15, 15 -3- 15 15 - 5 -10, 18- 5 - 15, 17 - 5 - 17. • Give fertilizers with every watering. • Check Fe and Mn concentration. • Suitable NPK rate at flower bud emergence: 15 - 5 - 25, 15 -3- 25 15 - 5 -30, 18- 5 - 35, 17 - 5 -40 – generative NPK.

Proper NPK rate

• Do not use 15-15-15 or 17-17-17! • Do not use ureum (NH2)2CO! • Do not use clean water (without fertilizers). • Do not use dry fertilizers

Fe & Mn toxicity.

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Feed pelargoniums well.

Not only NPK rate critical for Pelargoniums. Check NH 4 + / NO 3 - rate. Choose fertilizer with low NH 4 + concentration. Ca and Mg will help to avoid Fe 2+ / Mn 2+ excess

Proper NPK rate

Beware of NH 4 +

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Feed pelargoniums well.

Apply Ca & Mg every 4 th or 5 th watering Apply Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .

week 11

week 5

week 6

week 7

week 8

week 9

week 10

week 12

2.5

2.5 2.5 3 3

2.3 2.3

2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

2.3

2.0 2.0

2.0 2.0 2.0

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

1.7 1.7

1.5

Water EC, mS/cm

( 18 - 5 - 18 ) – vegetative NPK, ( 18 - 5 - 35 ) – generative NPK

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Feed pelargoniums well.

• Media pH: 5.5 – 5.9 Feed your plants well!

2 3 4 5

7 8

Where and when to check EC & pH?

• Media EC: 1.5―2.1 mS/cm

Test soup before plant will show you it’s hungry

1. In the watering solution before.

• EC in water solution: 1,7―3.0 mS/cm • Check plant health (EC & pH) before plant needs reanimation.

2. In the substrate after watering.

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Pelargonium disease management

Bacterial diseases!

Common compound against bacteria: • Copper based chemicals (Cu(OH)Cl, CuSO 4 ), • Zink phosphate (Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) • Agricultural streptomycin, kasugamycin

Avoid water dripping

Bacterial diseases.

* Rotate active ingredients (AI). Don’t apply the same AI more than 3 times at row. Check phytotoxicity!

MIND THE GAP!

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Diseases. Bio protection. Add Trichoderma-base or bacterial-base chemical into substrate mixture (Gliocladium catenulaturm, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amylolquefaciens, Streptomyces sp. K 61, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC 108, * Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma gamsii…) * Chemical on the base of bacteria can be combined with fungicides as well. Can be used as prophylactic.

EXAMPLE

Diseases

EXAMPLE

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Disease management

Most common Pelargonium seedling diseases.

Disease

Active ingredients (rate in chemical)

Active Ingredient concentration in solution g/l* 3.2 g/l mancozeb + 0.2 g/l mefenoxam 0.4 g/l azoxystrobin + 0.16 g/l cyproconazole

Use as prophylactic

mancozeb (640 g/kg) + mefenoxam (metalaxyl-M) (40 g/kg)

azoxystrobin (200 g/l) + cyproconazole (80 g/l)

Alternaria

fludioxonil (25 g/l)

0.05 g/l 0.04 g/l 0.15 g/l

difenoconazole (25 g/l)

azoxystrobin (50%)

Rust

azoxystrobin (200 g/l) + cyproconazole (80 g/l)

0.4 g/l azoxystrobin + 0.16 g/l cyproconazole

mancozeb (640 g/kg)

3.2 g/l

iprodione (50%)

1.25 g/l

tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (82.5%)

0.83–1.2 g/l 0.5 – 0,75 g/l 0.75 – 1,25 g/l

Botrytis

fenhexamid (50%)

pentachloronitrobenzene (75%)

* Rotate active ingredients (AI). Don’t apply the same AI more than 3 times at row. Check phytotoxicity!

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Oedema is physiological diseases.

Factors affect oedema:

 Too high air relative humidity,  Too big difference between highest and lowest air humidity.  Applying fresh water.  Too big alternation in EC. Do not change EC more than 0.3 mS/cm

Level 5 SATURATED

Level 4 WET

Level 3 MEDIUM

Level 2 MEDIUM DRY

Level 1 DRY

Oedema spots on the pelargonium leaves

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Speed up the blooming.

Factors affect oedema:

• Provide more K for plants with fertilizers: 15 - 5 - 25, 15 -3- 25 15 - 5 -30, 18- 5 - 35, 17 - 5 -40 – generative NPK, • Break the night. Provide only 3 hours of light only with 4 KLk intensity in one hour after the sunset. It is possible to use common 100 W LED lamps.

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Example or crop schedule*.

Week

seedlings development

tranplanting

plants development

Blooming

Stage:

germination (1-3 days)

Chamber:

Optional

Temperature day, 0 C Temperature night, 0 C

23(24) 23(24)

21—23(25)

21—23(25) 16—18(20)

18—19

Substrate humidity, 1—5 Tray/pot type → Spacing, cm

3—4

2—3

288-cells 6.1—6.5

pot: 11 (15)

Substrate pH, 1—14

6.1—6.5

2.5

1.5—1.7

1.7

1.5

Water EC, mS/cm

Ca+Mg application (↑)

0.5 0.5

Substrate EC (SME), mSm/cm

0.9—1.3 75—125 15–3–15

1.5—2.1 200—250

Fertifation (N), ppm

— —

NPK rate, & Ca+Mg application (↑)

10–5–17, 15–3–18

Light intensity, KLk

20—35

60—80

not required for germ.

Day length, hours

—

Day neutral

pinching

optional

PGRs

Cycocel® at 750 ppm (3 times optional)

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Q&A session.

• Thank you for your time. • For more information, please contact your Key Account Manager.

Amjad.Iqbal@syngenta.com Key Account Manager SEAP (South East Asia & Pakistan) (Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Phillipines, Cambodja, etc

Ivan.Pozdnyakov@syngenta.com Technical Sales Specialist SA/SEAP

Gautam.Sangle@syngenta.com Key Account Manager SA (South Asia) (India, Nepal, Bangladesh)

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