Cybersecurity is increasingly top priority as cyber threats surged in 2024, underscoring the imperative for sophisticated and proactive security strategies. From leveraging AI to orchestrate precision-based attacks to exploiting human vulnerabilities through advanced phishing mechanisms, the threat landscape has become markedly intricate and dynamic. Learn industry outlook in the FinTech & Cybersecurity Winter 2025 Report.
CYBERSECURITY ANNUAL REPORT
2025
Index
Macroeconomic Overview
03
Industry Overview
07
Cybersecurity M&A Activity
12
Cybersecurity Funding
19
Looking Ahead
22
Behind this Report
24
About FE International
25
2
Macroeconomic Overview
A New Year, a New Hope
Real GDP Growth (% YoY)
Global economic outlook is more hopeful for 2025. Cabinet changes across several of the G20 and accommodative monetary policies signal greater potential for growth across markets and industries. The incoming US Presidential Administration heavily influences the global macroeconomic outlook for 2025. The election of Donald Trump in the US is widely expected to improve the economic and regulatory landscape for business owners. In the international arena, President-elect Trump’s trade policies will likely focus on attempting to solidify U.S. dominance in areas such as digital technology and artificial intelligence, broadly benefitting the tech industry as a role. US President-Elect Trump's generally pro-business stance is encouraging to global markets. The new administration's proposed tax policies could lead to substantial changes in the US economy and its partners. Tax cuts, particularly for corporations and high-income earners, might stimulate investment and economic activity. While global financial markets are especially poised for a potentially transformative period, across- the-board tariffs from the US would be unusual — the impact on the global economy could be considerable. However, the potential imposition of tariffs is more likely the starting point of negotiations. Worldwide GDP is forecast to expand 3.0% next year, slightly below prior estimates. The UK and EU are expected to continue to struggle with growth but could be impacted positively by events in the U.S. In China, growth is expected below the official 5% target for the year. For the U.S., there is no consensus, and forecasts are being reconsidered at this writing. Goldman Sachs and UBS forecast 2025 U.S. GDP growth at 2.7-2.9%. The U.S. economy could initially grow slightly faster under Trump's plans to cut corporate taxes, but that impact could quickly fade depending on the effects of a tariff conflict. The Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index rose to 111.7 in November 2024, an increase of 2.1 points from October and the highest level since July 2023. This likely reflects increased consumer optimism following the U.S. presidential election and more positive assessments of the current labor market.
4.8%
4.1%
3.3%
3.0%
2.9%
2.7%
1.5%
1.2%
0.9%
0.8%
24E 25E
24E 25E Euro Zone
24E 25E
24E 25E
24E 25E
US
UK
China
World
Consumer Confidence Index (%)
Index, 1985 = 100
140
Recent uptick in Consumer Confidence
130
120
111.7
110
100
90
80
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Source: S&P Global Economic Research and The Conference Board.
4
The Lower Middle Market: A Hidden Gem for M&A Central banks worldwide have continued a gradual reduction in policy rates, which is expected to greatly benefit M&A activity through 2025. The lower-interest-rate environment benefits sellers by making deals more affordable and attractive. Lower borrowing costs translate to reduced debt, quicker deal timelines, and less complex financing structures. Sellers may be able to negotiate for larger upfront payments and fewer deferred payments or earn-outs, as lower borrowing costs reduce the need for such complex arrangements.
The recent interest rate cuts are encouraging for buyers and sellers alike, especially as capital deployment becomes a priority at year end. The [US] Fed didn’t commit to a timeline for the next cut, possibly a signal of caution with policy shifts from the new US administration. Inflation is still “somewhat elevated," so they are walking a tightrope. Powell’s challenge? Balancing a cooling labor market with inflation control. For business owners, this could mean opportunity in the months ahead.
Thomas Smale CEO of FE International
The underlying technology and platform primarily drive lower middle market deals. Lower middle market deals valued under $100 million often require less financing, making them less sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, but lower rates can lead to even more favorable terms and increased deal activity. Importantly, overall economic optimism and a pro-business environment can lead to increased deal activity, especially in the lower middle market. For instance, the US President- elect has expressed plans to deregulate the financial industry and emphasizes technology solutions for financial transactions, which portends well for increased deal activity.
Interest Rate (%)
Rate cuts by Central banks
Quote from Randal The true driver of success in lower middle market technology deals lies in the underlying technology. In sectors like FinTech, where innovation is paramount, the ability to acquire and deploy transformative technologies will ultimately determine deal outcomes. Additionally, a pro-business environment can, on the margin, prompt more transactions to be considered and pursued.
4.38% 3.40% 4.75%
1.00%
Randal Stephenson Head of Investment Banking of FE International & CEO of FE Capital Markets LLC 1
Jan-22
Sep-22
Jun-23
Mar-24
Dec-24
US (Fed)
Euro Area (ECB)
United Kingdom (BoE)
Switzerland (SNB policy rate)
Source: Interest rates as per central bank data of respective regions. Note: ECB = European Central Bank, BoE = Bank of England, SNB = Swiss National Bank. (1) Securities transactions offered and managed through FE Capital Markets LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC (FINRA CRD# 314943).
5
Venture Capital & Private Equity Investment Outlook
VC Dry Powder ($B) by Vintage
PE Dry Powder ($B) by Vintage
$800 B
$1,800 B
$1,600 B
$700 B
$1,400 B
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
$600 B
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
$1,200 B
$500 B
$1,000 B
$400 B
$800 B
$300 B
$600 B
$200 B
$400 B
$100 B
$200 B
$0 B
$0 B
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2022 2023 2024
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2022 2023 2024
• Venture capital fundraising in 2024 exceeded 2023 levels. Private equity fundraising, while anticipated to be lower due to higher interest rates, still surpassed $500 billion. • VC and PE firms hold approximately $650 billion and $1.4 trillion of dry powder, respectively. Favorable market conditions should create a favorable environment for robust M&A activity across sectors.
• M&A activity could surpass 10-year averages as US President-elect Donald Trump's pro-growth policies, lower corporate taxes, and expected deregulation are anticipated to create a deal-making surge in 2025, according to Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon.
Source: Pitchbook Q3 2024 Global Private Market Fundraising Report and NY Post, 10 December 2024.
6
Cybersecurity Industry Overview
The State of Cybersecurity The year 2024 has witnessed a pronounced surge in cyber threats, underscoring the imperative for sophisticated and proactive cybersecurity strategies. As malicious actors leverage increasingly complex techniques, the global cybersecurity ecosystem has evolved to address these growing challenges. From leveraging AI to orchestrate precision-based attacks to exploiting human vulnerabilities through advanced phishing mechanisms, the threat landscape has become markedly intricate and dynamic. In response, the cybersecurity industry has prioritized the development of cutting-edge technologies, prominently featuring artificial intelligence and machine learning. These advanced tools enable organizations to enhance their threat detection and mitigation capabilities, fostering resilience against ever-evolving cyber risks. Moreover, the industry's focus has expanded to address emerging vulnerabilities stemming from the proliferation of IoT devices and the widespread adoption of hybrid and remote work environments, which have fundamentally reshaped the modern attack surface. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist within this domain. Organizations contend with a critical shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals, soaring financial and reputational costs of breaches, and the relentless innovation of cyber adversaries. To navigate these hurdles effectively, enterprises must prioritize strategic investments in robust cybersecurity frameworks, forge collaborative partnerships with specialized vendors, and cultivate a pervasive culture of cyber risk awareness among their workforce. Only through a holistic and forward-thinking approach can organizations fortify their defenses in this increasingly perilous digital era.
8
Cybersecurity Revenue by Segment
(In Billions of USD)
273.5
248.1
223.9
202.3
183.14
166.2
150.16
139.9
121.9
115.2
102.7
89.72
83.32
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024E
2025F
2026F
2027F
2028F
Cyber Solutions Security Services
• The global cybersecurity market is experiencing explosive growth and is estimated to reach $274.0B by 2028. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2024-2028) of 10.6% . • The cost of cybercrime is forecast to reach a staggering $10.5T globally by 2025, Cybersecurity Ventures predicts. The average spend per employee in cybersecurity is projected to reach $52.20 in 2025.
• The imperative to protect increasingly digitized businesses, IoT devices, and consumers from cybercrime will propel global spending on cybersecurity products and services to $1.8T cumulatively for the five-year period from 2021 to 2025. • Rapid growth in the use of decentralized finance (DeFi) services is creating a new soft spot for global financial systems, fostering new methods of crypto crime. Cybersecurity Ventures predicts “rug pulls” and other attacks will cost the world $30.0B in 2025 alone.
Source: Statista Market Insights, Cybersecurity Ventures, World Economic Forum
9
Major Industry Trends
AI-Driven Cyber Threats
Public Cloud Vulnerabilities
Zero Trust Architecture
Regulatory Overhaul
Cybercriminals are increasingly harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to execute more advanced and precision- targeted attacks. From deploying highly evasive malware that slips past conventional defenses to creating hyper- realistic deepfakes for deception and fraud, AI has become a formidable weapon in their arsenal. While AI has long been a cornerstone of defensive cybersecurity strategies, its exploitation by malicious actors underscores the dual-edged nature of this technology. As the arms race in AI- driven cyberwarfare intensifies, the challenge lies in fostering innovation without compromising security — a balance that will shape the future of digital resilience.
Legacy security tools are ill-equipped to handle the rapid changes and vulnerabilities of modern public cloud environments. Incidents like the SolarWinds supply chain attack and the Microsoft Exchange breach have spotlighted the urgent necessity for comprehensive cloud security measures. Recent surveys reveal alarming trends: 40% of global enterprises reported experiencing at least one cloud-related breach in the past year. This statistic underscores the critical need for tailored solutions to address the complexities of cloud security, ensuring organizations can mitigate risks while leveraging cloud scalability and innovation.
Zero-Trust a transformative departure from traditional approaches, discarding the outdated "trust but verify" model. By adopting a "never trust, always verify" philosophy, it mandates continuous validation of users and devices, regardless of location or prior access. This framework is particularly critical for safeguarding hybrid and multi- cloud environments, where implicit trust can expose vulnerabilities, ensuring a robust and adaptive defense against modern cyber threats. security represents
Stronger frameworks, exemplified by the EU’s NIS2 Directive and Cyber Resilience Act, are redefining the cybersecurity landscape. These measures broaden the scope of security obligations, encompassing a wider range of critical sectors and businesses, while mandating rigorous incident reporting. By emphasizing accountability and regulatory preparedness, these regulations compel organizations to not only fortify their defenses but also embed compliance into their overarching cybersecurity strategies. As the regulatory bar rises, aligning with these evolving standards becomes essential for mitigating risks and sustaining operational resilience.
Source: PitchBook, World Economic Forum, Check Point Blog
10
Regulatory Landscape Accelerates
The U.S. strategy focuses on shifting cybersecurity responsibilities to well-equipped entities while prioritizing long-term resilience. Key initiatives in 2024 included securing IoT devices, preparing critical infrastructure for advanced threats, and enhancing global partnerships. Additionally, an executive order was issued to strengthen maritime cybersecurity, protecting U.S. ports from cyberattacks. Singapore’s updated masterplan focuses on securing operational technology (OT) systems, which are crucial for infrastructure such as energy grids and traffic control. By embracing secure-by-design principles, the plan ensures these systems remain resilient throughout their lifecycle. It represents a collaborative effort among manufacturers, users, and regulators to address the increasing threats posed by state-sponsored and organized cybercrime. In 2024, the European Union made significant strides to strengthen its cybersecurity framework, with a focus on critical infrastructure and digital product security. The NIS2 Directive, enforced in October, boosts resilience in key sectors like energy, healthcare, and transportation. It requires breach reporting within 24 hours, introduces mechanisms for coordinated responses to cyberattacks, and imposes fines for non-compliance. Additionally, the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) mandates cybersecurity standards for digital products and software throughout their lifecycle, from design to deployment. Covering a broad range of devices, from smartwatches to industrial systems, the CRA ensures consistent protections and certifies compliance, enhancing consumer trust. Together, these initiatives reflect a cohesive EU strategy to address evolving cyber threats and protect its digital ecosystem.
U.S.
Singapore
European Union
Source: World Economic Forum, NordPass
11
Cybersecurity M&A Activity
Cybersecurity M&A Activity Lower Middle Market
(In Millions of USD)
21
21
14
12
12
11
10
859.3
802.9
8
7
7
7
6
486.4
470.8
455.7
414.7
401.9
353.7
338.0
224.2
223.7
188.6
2022 Q1
2022 Q2
2022 Q3
2022 Q4
2023 Q1
2023 Q2
2023 Q3
2023 Q4
2024 Q1
2024 Q2
2024 Q3 2024 Q4
Total Deal Size in ($M)
Deal Count
• M&A volume in cybersecurity software picked up in LTM H2 2024, reaching a total deal value of $768.4M – This represents 86.4% YoY growth in deal size. However, the deal count remained the same, indicating an increase in average transaction value • 30 strategic deals took place in 2024, which represented 85.7% of all deals done in the sector – By deal size, these transactions represented 77.2% of the entire pool, depicting aggressive inorganic growth and overall industry consolidation • M&A deals in the lower middle market ($5-$150 million) in 2024 represented 7.9% of all transactions
Source: Pitchbook as of December 31, 2024. Note: This analysis includes only those deals in the lower middle market that had a disclosed deal value.
13
Distribution of Lower Middle Market Cybersecurity M&A Deals
$0 - $10M $10 - $25M $25 - $50M $50 - 150M
17%
17%
19%
27%
25%
42%
64
36
35
19%
25%
33%
23%
36%
17%
2022
2023
2024
• In 2024, 42% of LMM Cybersecurity M&A deals lie in the $50M to 150M range as compared to 19% and 27% in 2023 and 2022, respectively. This highlights the shift towards a larger deal size M&A activity in this market segment. • Although the number of deals may have decreased over the years, the overall value of these transactions has picked up in 2024, indicating a growing trend of companies prioritizing the acquisition of more significant assets. This shift reflects regained confidence in larger, strategic acquisitions designed to drive innovation and long-term growth in the cybersecurity sector.
Source: Pitchbook as of December 31, 2024. Note: This analysis includes only those deals in the lower middle market that had a disclosed deal value.
14
Select Cybersecurity M&A Deals in 2024 Lower Middle Market
Deal Size ($M)
Deal Size ($M)
Target
Buyer
Date
Target
Buyer
Date
11-Nov-24
110
12-Apr-24
124
08-Nov-24
68
03-Apr-24
64
06-Nov-24
22
26-Mar-24
96
01-Oct-24
47
01-Mar-24
28
30-Sep-24
90
29-Feb-24
68
24-Sep-24
30
01-Feb-24
150
16-Sep-24
70
01-Feb-24
120
27-Aug-24
27
01-Feb-24
80
23-Jul-24
70
31-Jan-24
93
SafeDog
16-May-24
42
01-Jan-24
80
Source: Pitchbook as of December 31, 2024.
15
Notable Cybersecurity M&A Transactions from 2024 2024 brought a robust M&A environment , driven by heightened demand for advanced cybersecurity solutions
By acquiring Leverage, NWN Carousel is bringing their lineup of AI-powered communications, networking, data center, contact center, cybersecurity, managed devices, and visual collaboration solutions to key markets.
Zscaler, a cloud security provider will acquire Airgap Networks, a provider of cybersecurity solutions for business-critical networks. The combined technologies will improve the combined entity’s Zero Trust Segmentation for IoT/OT devices and critical infrastructure across various locations.
SentinelOne, a cybsersecurity company specializing in AI, will acquire the Peak XV-backed startup PingSafe, a provider of cloud application protection. Integrating PingSafe's CNAPP with SentinelOne's existing cloud workload and data security tools will create a more comprehensive cloud security platform.
Okta, an identity management company, will acquire Spera Security, a provider of identity security tools. The acquisition is intended to enhance identity-based security by adding Spera's capabilities to Okta's platform.
Source: Official Company Press Releases
16
Active Cybersecurity Investors Private Equity Landscape
70 Total Investments
17 Total Investments
58 Total Investments
29 Total Investments
35 Total Investments
17
iOS Aggregator Preempts Data Privacy Deal FE International creates competitive tension for Lockdown Privacy
Company Overview:
Sold to
Lockdown Privacy is a trusted online resource dedicated to empowering individuals with essential knowledge and tools to enhance their digital security and privacy. Through expert guides, reviews, and practical tips the company help users navigate the complexities of online privacy, ensuring they can safeguard their personal information effectively. The founder came to FE International following the announcement that iCloud enabled apps would be permitted to transfer IP, given that the firm has dozens of transactions in the app space. While the process ended with 6 unique bids, the buyer held down the deal from the start with a pre-empted, maximized offer.
iOS App Data Privacy
Key Value Drivers:
Buyer Interest:
Process Results:
• 70% Revenue CAGR (2017-2021) • Top rating on iOS and Android with an average rating of 4.4/5-stars • Over 426K installs over the LTM
• 150 Parties Contacted • 6 Competitive bids • 1 offer received ahead of an LOI deadline from a private iOS app aggregator
• 6 Competitive bids - predominantly strategic - driven by increasing data privacy concerns among users • 1 party pre-empted the process with an offer that maximized the founders desired outcome for structure and a quick close
18
Cybersecurity Funding
Lower Middle Market Cybersecurity Funding Activity
(In Billions of USD)
152
144
135
129
108
103
102
$4.4
99
95
87
$3.9
$3.6
78
78
75
$3.4
72
$2.8
$2.5
$2.4
$2.4
$2.4
$2.3
$2.0
$1.8
$1.6
$1.6
2021 Q3 2021 Q4 2022 Q1
2022 Q2 2022 Q3 2022 Q4 2023 Q1
2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2024 Q1
2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4
Total Deal Size in ($B)
Deal Count
• In 2024, cybersecurity vendors in the lower middle market raised ~$8.3bn in over 300 transactions. • Late-stage rounds remain steady, and VC funding in H2 2024 rebounded from the low point in Q2 2023, when cybersecurity startups raised just under $1.6 billion. Seed funding also continued to dominate in H2 2024, reflecting strong early-stage support.
• The lower middle market represented a significant number of fundraises in 2024 – While the deal count was 10.9% lesser than 2023, the amount raised was only lesser by 0.2%, indicating a shift towards larger sized deals in this segment. – Later stage VC deals held the largest share - 37.3% of the total number of fundraises with 49.6% of the total funding value. – PE-based fundraises represented a modest 7.0% of the total deal count.
Source: Pitchbook as of December 31, 2024. Note: This includes only equity-based funding deals in the lower middle market ($5M to $150M) that had a disclosed deal value.
20
Select Cybersecurity Funding Deals in 2024 Lower Middle Market
Deal Size ($M)
Deal Size ($M)
Company
Date
Funding Type
Company
Date
Funding Type
17-Dec-2024
90
Early Stage VC
08-Apr-2024
115
Later Stage VC
02-Dec-2024
100
Early Stage VC
02-Apr-2024
150
Later Stage VC
25-Nov-2024
115
Later Stage VC
25-Mar-2024
100
Later Stage VC
25-Jul-2024
140
Later Stage VC
13-Mar-2024
100
Later Stage VC
24-Jul-2024
150
Later Stage VC
06-Mar-2024
100
Later Stage VC
27-Jun-2024
112
PE Growth/Expansion
06-Mar-2024
100
Later Stage VC
24-May-2024
139
PE Growth/Expansion
07-Feb-2024
150
Later Stage VC
01-May-2024
88
Later Stage VC
06-Feb-2024
100
Early Stage VC
23-Apr-2024
125
Later Stage VC
26-Jan-2024
102
Later Stage VC
11-Apr-2024
103
PE Growth/Expansion
09-Jan-2024
100
PE Growth/Expansion
Source: Pitchbook as of December 31, 2024. Note: This includes only equity-based funding deals in the lower middle market ($5M to $150M) that had a disclosed deal value.
21
Looking Ahead
Looking Ahead As we navigate the ever-evolving threat landscape, cybersecurity remains a top priority for organizations of all sizes. Demand for comprehensive managed services, especially those that address a wide range of cyber challenges, continues to grow. Recent high-profile incidents have underscored the importance of robust business continuity plans to minimize downtime and financial losses. To stay ahead of emerging threats, many organizations are adopting advanced technologies like Cyber Threat and Exposure Management (CTEM). CTEM enables organizations to proactively identify and mitigate vulnerabilities, allocate resources effectively, and minimize the impact of potential breaches. Identity management has emerged as a critical focus area, with organizations prioritizing the protection of sensitive data and access controls. Looking ahead, organizations must remain vigilant and adapt to the changing threat landscape. By investing in cutting-edge security solutions, prioritizing identity management, and implementing effective business continuity plans, organizations can safeguard their digital assets and protect their bottom line. The outlook for dealmaking in the cybersecurity industry, particularly within the lower middle market, remains highly positive. With decades of experience, FE International can provide the expertise and guidance Cybersecurity businesses need to achieve their goals. The firm help you prepare for a successful exit by conducting a thorough valuation, suggesting optimizations for operations and profitability, identifying areas for potential growth, and crafting a compelling story for investors.
23
Behind this Report
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Ross Sausa Senior Associate
Ismael Wrixen Executive Chairman
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Ismael Wrixen is the Executive Chairman of FE International and the CEO of ThriveCart. He is a member of the Forbes Finance Council and a NACVA 40 Under 40 Award winner. Before FE, Wrixen was in large-cap M&A investment banking, where he executed several high-profile public deals, namely in the technology sector.
Mohit Pamecha Associate Mohit Pamecha has 3 years of experience working with several global private equity funds having a combined AUM of over $10 billion, primarily on their M&A deals. He previously worked as a Financial Associate at TresVista. 7+ years of Investment Banking and Strategy experience with over 20 executed transactions ($1bn+ in value). He specializes in the B2B Software and Payments ecosystem with deep domain expertise. He has previously worked at Leonis Partners, PEAK Technology Partners and Haverford Capital. linkedin" Icon - Download for free – Iconduck
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Thomas Smale Chief Executive Officer
Thomas Smale dedicates his career to helping founders get acquired on their terms. He built FE into the leading advisor for lower middle market technology businesses. FE's team has completed over 1,500 transactions with a combined value of over $50 billion. Thomas offers invaluable technical, diligence, and negotiation advice to early-stage and seasoned business owners alike.
Randal Stephenson Head of Investment Banking
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Randal Stephenson has over 25 years of experience in both M&A advisory and debt and equity capital raising. He has closed over 300 transactions valued at $44 billion across 22 countries. Before FE, he held senior investment banking positions at Merrill Lynch, Jefferies, CIT Group, and Duff & Phelps.
24
About FE International
Founded in 2010, FE International is an award-winning strategic advisor for technology businesses. With a proven track record of success in this space, FE International offers a comprehensive suite of services which include:
• Investment Banking: Investment banking built for the lower middle market including M&A, private capital placement, and valuation services provided by FE Capital Markets. • Private Sales & Acquisitions: Buy or sell privately held technology businesses with our seasoned team.
• Due Diligence Services: Gain a clear, strategic view of a company’s financials and operations with our comprehensive due diligence services. • Early-Stage Funding: Streamline your capital raise in partnership with Funden, a managed fundraising service for busy founders.
1,500+ Transactions completed on behalf of clients 1
$48M Average Transaction Value
70% + Percentage of Sell-Side Transactions
Percentage Completed Transactions 2 94.1%
Sector Expertise
FinTech
SaaS
Ecommerce
Artificial Intelligence
Agency & Marketing Solutions
Marketplace Apps
Education Technology and Online Training
Cybersecurity
Source: Company data. 1. Includes approximately 300 transactions completed by FE professionals while at other firms. 2. Sell-Side transactions, measured from the date of launch of buyer outreach and marketing.
25
London, UK
Warsaw, Poland
New York, USA
San Francisco, USA
Miami, USA
Mumbai, India
Awards:
Featured in:
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