Introduction: Richard Griswold del Castillo, Ph.D. SDSU Professor Emeritus Chicano History
Chapter 1 The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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or thousands of years the Kumeyaay people populated, settled, and lived in the area known as present-day San Diego. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans and the colonization of the lands that would become California, the impact, significance and legacy of the Kumeyaay people formed the backbone communities of San Diego. In 1821, Mexico won its independence after 300 years under Spain’s control. San Diego was a relatively small pueblo of about 400 families. Another 100 lived in the surrounding area. Approximately 29 Mexican land grants covered more than half a million acres. With names like Rancho Guajome, Rancho Cuyamaca, and Rancho El Cajon, these ranch properties dotted the semi-arid landscape. Between 1821 and the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848, Mexican residents occupied the political, economic, and social leadership roles that dominated local governance. Families like Osuna, Estudillo, Machado, Pico, Bandini, and others were mayors, business owners, hotel proprietors, large landowners, and ranchers. Their influence lasted until 1848.
Mexico before ceding its territories to the United States
Battle of San Pasqual in Escondido – December 6th & 7th, 1846 (Photo courtesy CA Department of Parks & Recreation)
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San Diego Latino Legacy – Timeline • Milestones • Stories
Chapter 1 – The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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