NOTES TO THE GROUP CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2026
2. Accounting policies continued
2. Accounting policies continued assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash inflows, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. When estimating the future cash flows for the value-in-use calculation, the Group includes projections of cash outflows including central costs that are necessarily incurred to generate the cash inflows and that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis to each CGU. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first against the carrying value of any goodwill allocated to that unit, and then against the carrying values of other assets in the unit, on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, an impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist and there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Unconditional receivables and payables are recognised as assets or liabilities when the Group becomes a party to the contract and, as a consequence, has a legal right to receive or a legal obligation to pay cash. However, recognition of financial assets to be acquired and financial liabilities to be incurred as a result of a firm commitment to purchase or sell goods or services, such as trade receivables and trade payables, is usually delayed until at least one of the parties has performed under the agreement and the ordered goods or services have been shipped, delivered or rendered. A forward contract that is within the scope of IFRS 9, such as a forward foreign exchange contract, is recognised as an asset or a liability on the commitment date at which point the fair values of the right and obligation are usually equal and the net fair value of the forward contract on initial recognition is zero. If the net fair value of the right and obligation is not zero, the contract is recognised as an asset or liability. The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or have expired. The Group also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid is recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss. Offsetting financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are only offset, and the net amount reported in the Statement of Financial Position, when there is a legally enforceable right to offset and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and the liability simultaneously. Allowance for expected credit losses The Group measures loss allowances for financial assets, including trade receivables, at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses (“ECL”). This requires consideration of both historical and forward-looking information when considering potential impairment of trade receivables. A provision matrix is used to calculate the expected credit loss, which is based upon historical observed default rates adjusted for forward-looking information to create an adjusted default rate, which is applied to the outstanding invoices at the balance sheet date. Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. Credit-impaired financial assets At each reporting date the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit-impaired. A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred, such as a significant change in the credit risk profile of a customer, a debt has become significantly overdue or a contract default. Write-off of financial assets The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written down to its recoverable amount when the Group has no reasonable expectation of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof.
Investments (Company only) Investments in subsidiary and associated undertakings are stated initially at cost, being the fair value of the consideration given and including directly attributable transaction costs. The carrying values are reviewed for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying values may not be recoverable. Intangible assets – other Other intangible assets that are separately acquired by the Group are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Other intangible assets acquired through a business combination are recognised at fair value at the date of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses from the date of acquisition. Amortisation is charged to the Statement of Profit or Loss within operating costs on a straight-line basis over the useful economic lives of the intangible assets. The estimated useful economic lives are as follows: (a) Software (implementation costs of IT systems) 3 to 10 years (b) Acquired intangible assets: ■ Customer relationships 5 to 12 years ■ Patents Patent term (c) Intangible assets – research and development Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. An internally generated intangible asset arising from the Group’s development activities is capitalised only if all of the following conditions are met: (a) an asset is created that can be identified; (b) it is probable that the asset created will generate future economic benefits; and (c) the development cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Internally generated intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful lives between five and ten years and charged to the Statement of Profit or Loss. The Group only capitalises costs relating to the configuration and customisation of software-as-a-service arrangements (“SaaS”) as intangible assets where control of the asset exists. Costs that are paid to SaaS suppliers in advance of the service provided are recognised in prepayments and amortised over the service period. All other development expenditure is written-off in the accounting period in which it is incurred. Property, plant and equipment Items of owned property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Cost consists of all those elements that are directly attributable to bringing the asset into working condition for its intended use. Where there has been an indication of impairment in value such that the recoverable amount of an asset falls below its net book value, provision is made for such impairment. Wherever possible, individual assets are tested for impairment. However, impairment can often be tested only for groups of assets because the cash flows upon which the calculation is based do not arise from the use of a single asset. In these cases, impairment is measured for the smallest group of assets (“CGU”) that produces a largely independent income stream. The cost of property, plant and equipment is charged to the Statement of Profit or Loss on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful economic lives, taking into account their estimated residual value. The principal annual rates of depreciation are:
Land and buildings
Freehold property Leasehold buildings
2% to 4% per annum
Shorter of lease term and useful life
Land
Not depreciated
Leasehold improvements
10% to 20% per annum or over the life of the lease if shorter
Plant and equipment
5% to 33% per annum
Impairment of non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Group’s assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If such an indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of the asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss. The recoverable amount of assets is the greater of their net selling price and value-in-use. In assessing value-in-use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
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discoverIE Group plc Innovative Electronics
Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 March 2026
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