subsequent learning develops. Here are some activities or tools to try: The Rekenreck is a great tool to use for composing and decomposing sets. There are various ways to create a Reken- reck or purchase one. This one can be made and used right at a learner’s desk.
matical regularities and structures. They will learn to identify, du- plicate and extend sequential patterns such as ABCABCABC, but also to find regularities and structures in number and geometry. Repeating patterning skills predicts later math knowledge. Pat- terning is a critical math skill. The math concepts within pattern- ing are: patterns are sequences governed by a rule; they exist in the world around us and in mathematics. Identifying the rule of a pattern brings predictability and allows us to make gener- alizations and the same pattern can be found in many different forms. Here are some tools to try: If you are looking for an online manipulative and pattern options for students, Glencoe virtual manipulatives. Remember if you are using physical objects to teach patterning and you have a student with a visual impair- ment, you should use objects that have great diversity. The sixth topic area is measurement . Measurement encom- passes a lot of different learning trajectories. Measurement can encompass length, area, volume, angles and turns, but the be- ginning concepts that we will be discussing are that many dif- ferent attributes can be measured, all measurement involves a “fair” comparison, and quantifying a measurement helps us de- scribe and compare more precisely. As you see, it is important that the learner already knows about attributes prior to learning about measurement. The central challenge in helping emergent learners understand measurement concepts is to slow down our expectations for the learning process. It is important to know that the more authentic the measurement problem-solving sit- uation is, the more deeply the learners are to be engaged. Here are some activities or tools to try: There are various ways that you can adapt rulers to make them accessible. You can purchase rulers that have handles built on top for learners with fine motor concerns. For learners with vision concerns, you can glue bump dots or other objects on top of the ruler for each inch. Talking tape measures are also an option for our learners. The Tape Mea- sure app for iOS and Ruler App for Android are apps that you use augmented reality to measure the distance from one point to another point. The seventh topic area is data analysis . The purpose of col- lecting data is to answer questions that are not obvious. Collect- ing the data needs to be done for authentic problem solving. Data must be represented in order to be interpreted, and how data is gathered and organized is dependent on the question to be answered. Next, it is useful to compare parts of the data and draw conclusions about the data as a whole. As the learner is creating representations using objects, pictures, or graphs, the learner needs to know how to label and describe parts of their data displays. One is able to scaffold a learners charts by the use of different types of graphs. Some learners may need to start with using an object graph, while others may be able to use a pictograph, and others a bar graph or tally chart. Data analysis for emergent math learners is about quantifying information in order to answer a question. That requires children to organize data in some visible way so that comparisons and generaliza-
Can be used right at a learner's desk.
If you have a learner who is a wheelchair user, you could cre- ate this one.
Make one of these for a life size rekenreck or accessible for a learner who uses a wheelchair.
There is also Number Rack iOS app, web or Chrome that works for students who have fine motor concerns. The Cranmer Abacus was especially adapted for individuals who are blind to complete math operations. The fifth topic is Patterning . Patterns are any predictable se- quence and come in many different forms. It could be visual pat- terns, auditory patterns, movement patterns, temporal patterns or numerical patterns. Learners will learn to find and use mathe-
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