Geochemistry Guide 2025

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Hydrogeochemistry

Biogeochemistry

The analyzes offered in this section are suitable for groundwater samples used in mineral exploration, but NOT for salt water, brines, effluent solutions and metal-carrying solutions generated in processing circuits or environmental applications. Requests for environmental services will be forwarded to an SGS Environmental Services Laboratory.

SGS has considerable experience in the preparation and analysis of a wide range of vegetation samples. Such samples may be dried and macerated or ashed prior to acid digestion and analysis by ICP-OES (GE_ICP23D50) and ICP-MS (GE_IMS23D50).

GE_ICP23D50 ELEMENTS AND LIMITS Al 12 - 150,000 ppm B 10 - 10,000 ppm Ba 1 - 10,000 ppm Ca 30 - 150,000 ppm Cr 10 - 10,000 ppm Cu 0.5 - 10,000 ppm

GE ICP80T GROUND WATER ANALYSIS / ICP-OES PACKAGE ELEMENTS AND LIMIT(S) Ag ≥ 0.001 ppm Co ≥ 0.01 ppm

K 7 - 250,000ppm Li 0.2 - 50,000 ppm Mg 9 - 150,000 ppm Mn 2 - 10,000 ppm Na 12 - 150,000 ppm Ni 1 - 10,000 ppm

S 42 - 410,000 ppm Sr 0.5 - 10,000 ppm Ti 1 - 150,000 ppm V 20 - 10,000 ppm Zn 1 - 10,000 ppm Zr 0.05 - 10,000 ppm

Mn ≥ 0.005 ppm Mo ≥ 0.01 ppm Na ≥ 0.05 ppm Ni ≥ 0.01 ppm P ≥ 0.05 ppm Pb ≥ 0.03 ppm Sb ≥ 0.05 ppm Sc ≥ 0.001 ppm

Sn ≥ 0.05 ppm Sr ≥ 0.001 ppm Ti ≥ 0.01 ppm V ≥ 0.01 ppm W ≥ 0.05 ppm Y ≥ 0.005 ppm Zn ≥ 0.005 ppm Zr ≥ 0.01 ppm

Al ≥ 0.05 ppm As ≥ 0.03 ppm Ba ≥ 0.01 ppm Be ≥ 0.005 ppm Bi ≥ 0.05 ppm Ca ≥ 0.05 ppm Cd ≥ 0.01 ppm

Cr ≥ 0.01 ppm Cu ≥ 0.005 ppm Fe ≥ 0.05 ppm K ≥ 0.1 ppm La ≥ 0.01 ppm Li ≥ 0.01 ppm Mg ≥ 0.05 ppm

Fe 7 - 150,000 ppm P 18 - 250,000 ppm Vegetation sample preparation: Dry and macerate sample (G_DRY_KG, VEG10_WT)) or ash at 475 o C (G_PRP, PRP_ASH).

GE_IMS23D50 ELEMENTS AND LIMITS Ag 0.01 - 10 ppm As 10 - 10,000 ppm

B, S and Si can be added upon request.

GE_IMS80T GROUND WATER ANALYSIS / ICP-MS PACKAGE ELEMENTS AND LIMIT(S) Ag ≥ 0.01 ppb Eu ≥ 0.01 ppb

Ga 1 - 10,000 ppm Gd 0.01 - 1,000 ppm

Pb 0.5 - 10,000 ppm Pd 0.01 - 500 ppm Pr 0.005 - 1,000 ppm Pt 0.005 - 350 ppm Rb 0.2 - 10,000 ppm Rh 0.001 - 500 ppm Sb 0.04 - 10,000 ppm Sc 0.3 - 10,000 ppm

Ta 0.2 - 10,000 ppm Tb 0.002 - 10,000 ppm Te 0.1 - 1,000 ppm Th 0.002 - 10,000 ppm Tl 0.002 - 1,000 ppm Tm 0.002 - 1,000 ppm U 0.001 - 10,000 ppm W 0.01 - 10,000 ppm Y 0.01 - 10,000 ppm Yb 0.002 - 100 ppm

Ni ≥ 0.1 ppb Pb ≥ 0.01 ppb Pr ≥ 0.01 ppb Rb ≥ 0.1 ppb Sb ≥ 0.1 ppb Sc ≥ 0.1 ppb Se ≥ 1 ppb Sm ≥ 0.01 ppb Sn ≥ 0.01 ppb Sr ≥ 0.01 ppb Ta ≥ 0.01 ppb Tb ≥ 0.01 ppb Te ≥ 0.1 ppb

Th ≥ 0.01 ppb Tl ≥ 0.01 ppb Tm ≥ 0.01 ppb U ≥ 0.01 ppb

Au 0.005 - 5 ppm

Hf 0.5 - 500 ppm

As ≥ 1 ppb

Ga ≥ 0.01 ppb Gd ≥ 0.01 ppb Hf ≥ 0.01 ppb Hg ≥ 0.2 ppb Ho ≥ 0.01 ppb In ≥ 0.01 ppb La ≥ 0.01 ppb Lu ≥ 0.05 ppb Mn ≥ 0.1 ppb Mo ≥ 1 ppb Nb ≥ 0.01 ppb Nd ≥ 0.01 ppb

Bi 0.005 - 10,000 ppm Cd 0.03 - 10,000 ppm Ce 0.01 - 1,000 ppm Co 0.01 - 10,000 ppm Cs 0.005 - 1,000 ppm Dy 0.005 - 1,000 ppm Er 0.005 - 1,000 ppm Eu 0.002 - 1,000 ppm

Hg 0.02 - 10,000 ppm Ho 0.002 - 500 ppm In 0.005 - 500 ppm Ir 0.002 - 500 ppm La 0.01 - 10,000 ppm Lu 0.002 - 10,000 ppm Mo 0.05 - 10,000 ppm Nd 0.02 - 10,000 ppm

Ba ≥ 0.01 ppb Be ≥ 0.1 ppb Bi ≥ 0.01 ppb Cd ≥ 0.01 ppb Ce ≥ 0.01 ppb Co ≥ 0.1 ppb

V ≥ 1 ppb

W ≥ 0.01 ppb Y ≥ 0.01 ppb Yb ≥ 0.01 ppb Zn ≥ 1 ppb Zr ≥ 0.1 ppb

Se 5 - 1,000 ppm

Sm 0.005 - 1,000 ppm

Cr ≥ 1 ppb

Sn 0.4 - 1,000 ppm Vegetation sample preparation: Dry and macerate sample (G_DRY_KG, VEG10_WT)) or ash at 475oC (G_PRP, PRP_ASH).

Cs ≥ 0.01 ppb Cu ≥ 0.1 ppb Dy ≥ 0.1 ppb Er ≥ 0.01 ppb

Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir can be added upon request.

ADDITIONAL GROUND WATER ANALYSIS CODE(S)

ELEMENT

DESCRIPTION Gravimetric

G_PHY14V GC_ISE10T GE_ISE21T GE_ISE30T

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

pH

Ion selective electrode (ISE) Ion selective electrode (ISE) Ion selective electrode (ISE)

Fluoride F _ Chloride Cl _

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