Biogeochemistry
Mobile metal ion – SGS MMI soil geochemistry
SGS is the owner and sole provider of SGS MMI Technology. We have over 20 years of experience with this technology, and we are the market leaders in providing a weak extraction of the mobile form of the ions residing in near surface soils. SGS MMI is a world-renowned exploration tool repeatedly proven to find buried mineral deposits. SGS MMI Technology is an innovative analytical process that uses a unique analysis of metals in soils and weathered materials. Target elements are extracted using weak solutions of organic and inorganic compounds rather than conventional aggressive acid-based digests. SGS MMI solutions contain strong ligands, which detach and hold the metal ions that were loosely bound to soil particles by weak atomic forces. The extraction does not dissolve the bound forms of metal ions. Thus, metal ions in MMI solutions are the chemically active or ‘mobile’ component of the sample. Because these mobile, loosely bound complexes are in very low concentrations, elemental determinations are made by conventional or cell-based ICP-MS. There are many benefits to using SGS MMI Technology for soil geochemistry, including:
SGS has considerable experience in the preparation and analysis of a wide range of vegetation samples. Such samples may be dried and macerated or ashed prior to acid digestion and analysis by ICP-OES (GE_ICP23D50) and ICP-MS (GE_IMS23D50).
GE_ICP23D50 AI
S
12 - 150,000 ppm
K
7 - 250,000 ppm 0.2 - 50,000 ppm
42 - 410,000 ppm 0.5 - 10,000 ppm 1 - 150,000 ppm 20 - 10,000 ppm 1 - 10,000 ppm 0.05 - 10,000 ppm
Sr
B 10 - 10,000 ppm Ba 1 - 10,000 ppm Ca 30 - 150,000 ppm
Li
Ti
Mg 9 - 150,000 ppm
V
Mn
2 - 10,000 ppm 12 - 150,000 ppm 1 - 10,000 ppm 18 - 250,000 ppm
Na
Zn
Cr
10 - 10,000 ppm
Ni
Zr
Cu 0.5 - 10,000 ppm
P
Fe
7 - 150,000 ppm
GE_IMS23D50 Ag 0.01 - 10 ppm As 10 - 10,000 ppm Au 0.005 - 5 ppm
• Few false anomalies • Focused anomalies • Minimal nugget effects
Ho
Se
0.002 - 500 ppm 0.005 - 500 ppm 0.002 - 500 ppm 0.01 - 10,000 ppm 0.002 - 10,000 ppm 0.05 - 10,000 ppm 0.02 - 10,000 ppm 0.5 - 10,000 ppm
5 - 1,000 ppm
In
Sm 0.005 - 1,000 ppm
Ir
Sn Ta Tb Te Th
0.4 - 1,000 ppm 0.2 - 10,000 ppm 0.002 - 10,000 ppm
La Lu
Bi
0.005 - 10,000 ppm
Cd 0.03 - 10,000 ppm Ce 0.01 - 1,000 ppm Co 0.01 - 10,000 ppm Cs 0.005 - 1,000 ppm
MMI sample collection Sample collection is the critical part of a soil geochemistry program. The SGS MMI Technology has specific sampling protocols based on years of experience and research. In the absence of an orientation survey, samples must be taken at a constant depth (10-25 cm) below the organic-inorganic soil interface. There is no sample preparation or drying. The analysis is performed on a 50g sample and the extracted solution is analyzed via ICP-MS. For detailed instructions, please contact your SGS customer service agent.
Mo Nd
0.1 - 1,00 ppm
0.002 - 10,000 ppm 0.002 - 1,000 ppm
Pb Pd
TI
Tm 0.002 - 1,000 ppm
Dy
0.005 - 1,000 ppm 0.005 - 1,000 ppm 0.002 - 1,000 ppm 1 - 10,000 ppm 0.01 - 1,000 ppm
0.01 - 500 ppm
Pr Pt
U
Er
0.005 - 1,000 ppm 0.005 - 350 ppm 0.2 - 10,000 ppm 0.001 - 500 ppm 0.04 - 10,000 ppm
0.001 - 10,000 ppm 0.01 - 10,000 ppm 0.01 - 10,000 ppm 0.002 - 100 ppm
W
Eu Ga Gd
Rb Rh Sb Sc
Y
Yb
Hf
0.5 - 500 ppm
GE_MMIM MOBILE METAL ION STANDARD PACKAGE / ICP-MS Ag ≥ 0.5 ppb Gd ≥ 0.5 ppb
Hg
0.02 - 10,000 ppm 0.3 - 10,000 ppm Vegetation sample preparation: Dry and macerate sample (G_DRY_KG, VEG10_WT)) or ash at 475 o C (G_PRP, PRP_ASH).
Sb Sc
≥ 0.5 ppb
Hg
AI
≥ 1 ppm ≥ 10 ppb ≥ 0.1 ppb ≥ 10 ppb ≥ 0.5 ppb ≥ 2 ppm
≥ 1 ppb
≥ 1 ppb
In
Sm ≥ 1 ppb
As Au Ba
≥ 0.1 ppb ≥ 0.5 ppm
K
Sn Sr Ta Tb Te Th Ti TI U W
≥ 1 ppb ≥ 10 ppb ≥ 1 ppb ≥ 0.1 ppb ≥ 10 ppb ≥ 0.5 ppb ≥ 10 ppb ≥ 0.1 ppb ≥ 0.5 ppb ≥ 0.5 ppb
La
≥ 1 ppb ≥ 1 ppb
Li
Bi
Mg Mn Mo Nb Nd
Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Dy
≥ 0.5 ppm ≥ 100 ppb
≥ 1 ppb ≥ 2 ppb ≥ 1 ppb
≥ 2 ppb
≥ 0.5 ppb
≥ 100 ppb ≥ 0.2 ppb ≥ 10 ppb ≥ 0.5 ppb ≥ 0.2 ppb ≥ 0.2 ppb ≥ 1 ppm ≥ 0.5 ppb
≥ 1 ppb ≥ 5 ppb
Ni
P
≥ 0.1 ppm
Pb Pd
Y
≥ 5 ppb ≥ 1 ppb
≥ 1 ppb
Er
Yb Zn
≥ 0.2 ppb ≥ 10 ppb
Eu Fe Ga
Pr Pt
≥ 0.5 ppb ≥ 0.1 ppb
Zr
≥ 2 ppb
Rb
≥ 1 ppb Lower detection limit for Cr ( ≥ 1ppb) and addition of V ( ≥ 1ppb) are available under scheme code GE_MMIME. Additional elements such as S, B, Br, I, and Pb isotopes can also be measured upon request.
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