Geochemistry Guide 2025

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Manganese ore Industry standard XRF borate fusion method without (GO_XRF72MN) and with (GO_XRF76) oxidation. LOI (G_PHY01V or G_PHY02V) required. Oxidation method (76) recommended for ores with variable oxidation states as well as Ferro Manganese and Manganese Nodules . GO_XRF72MN ANALYTE REPORTING AS RANGE Al Al 2 O 3 0.01 - 100% Ba BaO 0.01 - 5% Ca CaO 0.01 - 40% Cr Cr 2 O 3 0.01 - 10% Fe Fe 2 O 3 0.01 - 100% K K 2 O 0.01 - 10% Mg MgO 0.01 - 100% Mn Mn 3 O 4 0.01 - 100% Na Na 2 O (only on 72) 0.01 - 10% P P 2 O 5 0.01 - 10% Si SiO 2 0.05 - 100% S SO 3 0.01 - 2% Ti TiO 2 0.01 - 50% V V 2 O 5 0.01 - 5% Zr ZrO 2 0.01 - 1% LOI (1000 0 C)* LOI -10 - 100% Dried only; Optional Elements available upon request. *G_PHY01V or G_PHY02V. Specific detection limits for GO_XRF76 Nickel Nickel is used in stainless steels, metal alloys, plating, electric batteries and chemicals. It is found in either sulphide or laterite type ores so analytical methods are needed to ensure complete digestion. Refer to the Exploration Grade Analysis section in this guide for descriptions of the GE_ICP21B20, GE_ICP40Q12, GE_ICP90A50 digestion techniques. For description of the GO_ICP21B100, GO_ICP42Q100 and GO_ICP90Q100 techniques, please see the Ore- Grade Analysis section.

MINERAL SELECTIVE NICKEL METHODS CODE(S)

LIMIT(S) ≥ 0.002%

DESCRIPTION

GC_AAS03D250

Metallic & sulphide nickel by bromine-methanol leach, AAS finish

Additional selective methods for nickel may be available.

Nickel laterite Industry standard XRF multielement method based on dried sample (105°C) only due to hygroscopic nature of the ore. LOI (G_PHY01 or G_PHY02V) required.

GO_XRF72NL ANALYTE

REPORTED AS

RANGE

Al 2 O 3

0.01 - 100% 0.01 - 1% 0.01 - 1% 0.01 - 40% 0.001 - 5% 0.005 - 10%

Al

As Ba Ca Co

As optional

BaO CaO

Co

Cr 2 O 3

Cr

Cu Fe

Cu

0.01 - 1%

Fe 2 O 3

0.01 - 100% 0.01 - 10% 0.01 - 50% 0.01 - 40% 0.01 - 5% 0.005 - 8% 0.01 - 5% 0.005 - 1%

K 2 O

K

Mg Mn

MgO MnO Na 2 O

Na

Ni

Ni

P 2 O 5

P

Pb

Pb

0.01 - 1% 0.01 - 1%

S

SO 3

Sc 2 O 3 Optional

Sc

0.05 - 100% 0.01 - 1% 0.001 - 2% -10 - 100%

Si Ti

SiO 2 TiO 2

Zn

Zn

LOI (1000 0 C)*

LOI

Dried sample only. *G_PHY01V or G_PHY02V

EXPLORATION GRADE NICKEL METHODS CODE(S)

Lithium SGS has the methodology to support exploration and production analysis of lithium. Multi-element packages are listed in the Exploration Grade Analysis section of this guide for low grade lithium samples.

LIMIT(S)

DESCRIPTION

GC_ICP21B20 GE_IMS21B20 GE_ICP40Q12 GE_ICP90A50 GE_IMS90A50

1 ppm - 1% 0.2 ppm - 1% 1 ppm - 1% 10 ppm - 10% 10 ppm - 1%

Aqua regia – ICP-OES Aqua regia – ICP-MS 4-Acid digest – ICP-OES

Fusion – ICP-OES Fusion – ICP-MS

LITHIUM PACKAGES FOR LOW GRADE MINERALIZATION CODE(S)

ORE-GRADE NICKEL METHODS CODE(S)

ELEMENTS/ LIMIT(S) 0.5 - 10,000 ppm 1 - 10,000 ppm 10 - 50,000 ppm

DESCRIPTION

GE_IMS21B20 GE_ICP40Q12 GE_ICP92A50 GE_IMS90A50

Aqua regia digest / ICP-OES 4-Acid digest / ICP-OES

LIMIT(S)

DESCRIPTION

GO_ICP42Q100 GO_ICP41Q100 GO_ICP90Q100

0.001 - 10% 0.001 - 25% 0.01 - 30%

4-Acid digest – ICP-OES

Sodium peroxide fusion / ICP-OES Sodium peroxide fusion / ICP-MS

5 - 10,000 ppm

Fusion – ICP-OES

LITHIUM PACKAGES FOR HIGHER GRADE MINERALIZATION CODE(S)

CONCENTRATE-GRADE NICKEL METHODS CODE(S)

ELEMENTS/ LIMIT(S)

DESCRIPTION

LIMIT(S) 5 - 100%

DESCRIPTION

≥ 10ppm

GC_ICP92A50

Sodium peroxide fusion / ICP-OES

GC_CON07V*

DMG separation / electroplating

* This method can be done at party or umpire quality (GT).

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