S1460
Interdisciplinary - Other
ESTRO 2026
conditions. Understanding these behavioral patterns is crucial for the safe integration of LLMs into evidence- based decision-making. Keywords: AI, Manipulation, Brain Metastasis Guidelines Digital Poster 4630 Swedish survey on radiotherapy in 2024: Treatment statistics, equipment availability, and adoption of modern techniques
centers (one in Northern Italy, two in Southern Italy). Three respondent groups were defined: caregivers, healthcare providers (including medical doctors, radiation therapists, nurses, medical physicists, researchers, students, and administrators), and patients. Participants evaluated three clinical issues (increasing patient volume, number of treatment sessions, and treatment of elderly patients) with respect to four defining PNS features: uncertain facts, plurality of values, high stakes, and urgency of decisions. They also rated the usefulness of four PNS- inspired strategies (Adaptability and flexibility, Extended and inclusive dialogue, Use of hybrid tools, Transparency in decision-making) on a 4-point Likert scale. Results: A total of 102 participants completed the questionnaire (38 caregivers, 44 providers, and 20 patients). Recognition of PNS features varied across both issues and respondent groups, indicating a broad awareness of uncertainty and value-laden components in clinical decision-making (Fig1).
Caroline E Olsson 1,2 , Jörgen Olofsson 3 1 Medical Radiation Science, Clinical Sciences/Sahlgrenska Academy/Gothenburg
University, Gothenburg, Sweden. 2 Regional Cancer Center West, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden. 3 Medical Physics, Umeå University Hospital, Region Västerbotten, Sweden
Digital Poster 4753 Awareness of Post-Normal Science Dimensions in Radiation Oncology: A Questionnaire-Based Assessment of Uncertainty in Clinical Decision- Making Roberta Muni 1 , Angelo Di Naro 1 , Michele Sala 2 , Suela Vukcaj 1 , Bruna De Marchi 3 , Maurizio Giovanni Agostino Portaluri 1 1 Radiation Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 2 Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 3 Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Purpose/Objective: Awareness that clinical decision-making may involve non-purely technical-scientific dimensions is relatively recent and not yet widespread among healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers. This cross- sectional observational study, based on a semi- structured questionnaire, aimed to assess the recognition of Post-Normal Science (PNS) features in key clinical-organizational issues in radiation oncology and to evaluate perceived usefulness of PNS-inspired strategies. Material/Methods: Participants were recruited between February and April 2024 from three Italian radiation oncology
Perceived usefulness of PNS-inspired strategies was consistently high, with median scores between 3 and 4 across all groups. Conclusion: Respondents recognized that clinical issues in radiation oncology include ethical, social, and organizational dimensions that extend beyond traditional biomedical criteria. While conventional decision-making tends to centralize cost-benefit-driven policies, a PNS-oriented approach supports broader
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