During construction, a cover (temporary scaffold tent) is often the safest choice to protect the timber structure, but there are many logistical and financial reasons why this strategy cannot always be implemented. If a cover is not suitable for the structure, moisture risks should be managed through design, detailing, and partial protection measures 11 . Pre-application of sealants to the end grains of CLT panels to prevent water absorption is recommended. Many CLT producers are now able to pre-install (on demand) weather protection membranes to enhance water protection of CLT slab panels during assembly, this is also recommended for floor and roof panels. Joints between panels and panel interfaces can be vulnerable to moisture and it is recommended that all joints are taped. The Contractor should also employ active measures where necessary to avoid ponding such as sweeping surface water from CLT panels. It is worth noting that timber takes longer to dry out than it does to get wet, and certain elements are more susceptible and subject to weather, such as roofs and exposed floor panels compared with vertical components. Care will need to be taken on site to properly dry out any timber to avoid the trapping of water during the construction phase. A moisture management strategy by the Contractor should be in place to consistently monitor the timber components and component interfaces, with moisture readings carried out prior to enclosure of any timber structure to ensure that moisture content is no more than 18%.
which are spaced at standardised intervals. These pipes are installed below the ceiling and are typically more accessible than other systems like mechanical or electrical installations. Wet systems, which remain filled with water, are most commonly used in commercial buildings.Sprinklers work by activating when they detect heat, allowing fires to be suppressed locally, which helps contain both the fire and potential water damage. A German survey in 2015 found that about 70% of fires were extinguished with only one or two sprinklers, indicating that moisture damage from these systems is usually limited. The risk of moisture damage from sprinklers is well understood and can be managed effectively by building owners and operators. When sprinklers are activated, the building’s management system typically alerts occupants and owners, allowing for immediate remediation. This includes removing accumulated water through temporary drainage or wet/dry vacuums. Careful inspection of structural connections, such as slabs, columns, beams, and vertical service connections, is essential to prevent long- term water entrapment. Additionally, walls and ceilings around the sprinkler activation area should be checked for water infiltration or marks indicating damage. Any water damage from these single events is normally easily dealt with by passive drying out measures. Plumbing and appliance leaks Plumbing and appliance leaks can be difficult to detect, however risks can easily be mitigated through careful detailing and design strategies, such as locating services in easily accessible locations, tanking of wet areas to protect timber against escape of water and using leak detection and moisture monitoring systems. This is described in more detail in the above section A - DESIGN PHASE. Monitoring and maintenance strategy A robust and comprehensive maintenance strategy is essential for long term durability of any building. For timber buildings, it is particularly important that occupants understand the risks of moisture damage and know to seek help if they notice any leaks or signs of moisture related issues. This information should be included in the Operation and Maintenance Manual and form part of the handover documentation.
C-IN USE PHASE
An overlooked aspect of moisture management planning involves the occupancy/in use phase of a building. Considerations for a typical office building include: Escape of water – fire suppression Sprinklers are a common fire safety tool in buildings, but the water they release can cause damage, particularly to timber structures
Sprinkler systems operate using a water supply connected to a network of hydraulic pipes and sprinkler heads,
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DURABILITY
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