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intelligent devices that contribute to better performing networks with higher reliability.
Unified DOCSIS 4.0: Bridging FDX and FDD for Network Agility Unified DOCSIS 4.0 introduces capabilities that extend broadband’s potential to symmetrical multigigabit speeds and downstream speeds beyond 10Gbps. Unified FDX supports upstream and downstream communication sharing the same spectrum, with extended downstream capability, now accessing a full 1.8GHz spectrum. FDD, by contrast, designates separate frequency bands for data moving in each direction. The new Flex-FDD mode uses FDX techniques such as echo cancellation to minimise interference, eliminating the need for a diplexer guard band between upstream and downstream frequency allocations and maximising bandwidth utilisation. The latest Unified DOCSIS 4.0 silicon and devices integrate both FDX and FDD in a single platform on the Remote-PHY device, amplifier or cable modem. This flexibility allows operators to deploy unified devices and software across their network knowing they can choose between FDX and FDD based on their current footprint and future demands. As a result, network design can align closely with specific service requirements and growth projections. The silicon for all devices includes additional AI capabilities to enhance reporting and operations visibility, leading to more
Broadband connectivity requirements are changing rapidly as new applications and usage patterns place greater demands on service providers. The ability to deliver consistent, high-quality broadband service has become increasingly important, especially as internet usage expands to include high-bandwidth applications like real-time gaming, live streaming and emerging AI-driven services that depend on low latency and responsive connections. DOCSIS 4.0 was defined with two technology options, Full Duplex DOCSIS (FDX) and Frequency Division Duplex DOCSIS (FDD). With Unified DOCSIS 4.0, both FDD and FDX are combined into a single solution that delivers symmetrical multigigabit speeds and provides operators optionality with a toolbox of capabilities. FDX makes it possible to send data in both downstream and upstream directions across the same spectrum, optimising bandwidth efficiency. FDD uses dedicated frequency ranges for upstream and downstream data. Unified DOCSIS 4.0 is also available in a new operating mode — Flex-FDD, enabled by the amalgamation of the two DOCSIS 4.0 technology options. By supporting these methods, Unified DOCSIS 4.0 gives operators flexibility to match service configurations to real- world conditions, plant capabilities and subscriber profiles.
Flexible Deployment and Enhanced Subscriber Experience A key advantage of Unified DOCSIS 4.0 is the ability to align deployment strategies with real operational needs. Operators can determine whether FDX, FDD, Flex- FDD or a combination is best suited for each service area. As demands shift, such as increased need for symmetrical bandwidth, networks can be reconfigured. This adaptability is valuable for supporting a range of emerging applications, from live sports streaming to cloud gaming and remote work platforms that demand stable, high-speed connections. Unified DOCSIS 4.0 also supports more granular spectrum management. Operators can dynamically allocate upstream and downstream spectrum segments, choosing split configurations that reflect current usage patterns or plant capabilities. This optimises network performance and resource utilisation, enabling more consistent and reliable subscriber experience.
Figure 1: A Unified DOCSIS approach enables operators to support FDX, FDD and Flex-FDD through a single, software-defined platform — simplifying operations and accelerating network evolution.
May 2025 Volume 47 No.2
85
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