S76 |
CHAPPLE et al .
TABLE 2 (Continued)
1. Tip diameter 0.5 mm 2. Cylindrical tine structure 3. Constant force limiter of 0.25 N 4. 15‐mm scale with precise individual or banded millimeter markings 5. A taper of 1.75° ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES Workshop participants filed detailed disclosure of potential conflicts of interest relevant to the workshop topics, and these are kept on file. The authors receive, or have received, research funding, con- sultant fees, and/or lecture compensation from the following com- panies: 3D Matrix, BioGaia AB, BioHorizons, Boehringer Ingleheim, CALCIVIS, Cigna, Colgate, CP GABA, Dentaid, Dentsply Sirona, Dexcel Pharma, EMS Dental, GC Corporation, Geistlich, GlaxoSmithKline, Hain Lifescience, Intra‐Lock, ISOThrive, ITI Foundation, Ivoclar‐ Vivadent, Johnson & Johnson, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Kulzer Dental, Lion Corporation, Millennium Dental Technologies, MIS Implants, Mitsubishi Chemical, National Safety Associates, Nobel Biocare, Noveome Biotherapeutics, OraPharma, Osteogenics Biomedical, Philips, Procter & Gamble, Reminova, Schülke & Mayr, Straumann, SUNSTAR, Thommen Medical, TRISA, Unilever, and Zimmer Biomet. REFERENCES 1. World Health Organization. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference. Official Records of the World Health Organization 1948; 19456 No. 2:1. 2. Lang NP, Bartold PM. Periodontal health. J Clin Periodontol . 2018; 45 (Suppl 20):S9–S16. 3. Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J . 1975; 25 :229–235. 4. Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque‐induced gingivi- tis: case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol . 2018; 45 (Suppl 20):S44–S67. 5. Ramseier C, Mirra D, Schütz C, et al. Bleeding on probing as it re- lates to smoking status in patients enrolled in supportive periodon- tal therapy for at least 5 years. J Clin Periodontol . 2015; 42 :150–159. 6. Matuliene G, Pjetursson BE, Salvi GE, et al. Influence of residual pockets on progression of periodontitis and tooth loss: results after 11 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol . 2008; 35 :685–695. 7. Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque– induced gingival conditions. J Clin Periodontol . 2018; 45 (Suppl 20):S17–S27. 8. Löe H, Anerud A, Boysen H, Morrison E. Natural history of peri- odontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attach- ment in Sri Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. J Clin Periodontol . 1986; 13 :431–445. 9. Ismail AI, Morrison EC, Burt BA, Caffesse RG, Kavanagh MT. Natural history of periodontal disease in adults: findings from the Tecumseh Periodontal Disease Study, 1959–87. J Dent Res . 1990; 69 : 430–435. 10. Clerehugh V, Worthington HV, Lennon MA, Chandler R. Site pro- gression of loss of attachment over 5 years in 14‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents. J Clin Periodontol . 1995; 22 :15–21. 11. Albandar JM, Kingman A, Brown LJ, Löe H. Gingival inflam- mation and subgingival calculus as determinants of disease
a Conditions marked with an “a” have associated systemic involvement or are oral manifestations of systemic conditions; therefore, other health‐care providers may be involved in diagnosis and treatment.
are the driving force behind all health‐care decisions and qual- ity measurements. One of the elements in PDM is that care is collaborative, coordinated, and accessible. The right care is pro- vided at the right time and the right place. Considering that the conditions marked with an “a.” (Table 2) have associated systemic involvement or are oral manifestations of systemic conditions, other health‐care providers may be involved in diagnosis and treatment.
FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS
Regarding classification and diagnosis of periodontal health and gin- gival diseases/conditions, future research is needed on the:
• development and validation of non‐invasive diagnostic tools (e.g., saliva‐based diagnostics), especially as they relate to detection of gingival inflammation; • identification of the characteristics (e.g., genetic factors) that dis- tinguish persons who are resistant to the development of dental plaque biofilm‐induced or non‐dental plaque biofilm–induced gin- gival diseases from those who are susceptible; • expansion of our limited knowledge of the determinants that af- fect the reliability of currently available diagnostic tools (e.g., ef- fects of probe design on bleeding on probing responses); • characterization of the possible differences (e.g., molecular deter- minants) between gingivitis on an intact periodontium and other forms of gingival inflammatory disease. Regarding the current primary periodontal diagnostic tool, the graduated periodontal measuring probe, the following are recommen- dations for an ISO periodontal probe: The reliability and reproducibility of any case definition for health, gingival or periodontal conditions relies upon standardiza- tion of probing protocols, which is only possible with the implemen- tation of an ISO probe. The current International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for periodontal probes is – ISO 21672, but re- quires updating in order to define the features of a global standard periodontal probe. These characteristics are:
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