Biological model for stages from health to gingivitis
Plaque
Early plaque accumulation
Heavy plaque accumulation
Plaque levels associated with clinical health
Progression of gingivitis
Gingivitis
Health
Neuropeptide release
Epithelial cell activation and neutrophil infiltrate
Acute-phase response
• IL-1 β • Cathepsin G • Elastase
Biomarkers
Substance P
α− 1 antitrypsin
We cannot do this yet for periodontitis. It is too complex: there is no single cause.
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