k-߃ c-ay-am-bn ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ho-gv- -N h-cp-Øn-b Im-tXm-en-t°m-kn-s‚-bpw Iq-´m-fn-I fpt- Sb- pw {]h- ¿Ø- \- ß- ƒ Zu¿`- mK- yI- c- a- mb- k`- m -]n-f¿-∏n-\v h-gn-h-®p. A-∂-sØ a-e-¶-c k-` A- £-cm¿-∞-Øn¬ A-Sn-ap-Sn ]n-f¿-∂p. k-`-sb k- Xy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \-bn-°p-hm≥ ]p-Xn-b sa-{Xm- t∏me- oØ- ma- mt- cb- pw, Imt- Xme- n°- _mh- tbb- pw ]-cn-ip-≤ ]m-{Xn-b¿-°o-kv _m-h hmgn-®v \n-b-an- ®p. ]p-Xn-b C-S-b-∑m-cp-sS ip-{iq-jm^-e-am-bn \n- c-h-[n ssh-Zn-I-sc k-`m ip-{iq-jbv-°m-bn ]-´w \¬I- nb- b- ®- p. siΩ- mi- ∑- m¿°- v ]Tn°- m\- pw ]c- n- io-en-∏n-°p-hm-\pw s]-cp-ºn-≈nbn¬ sk‚vv sP- bnw-kv sk-an-\m-cn ÿm-]n-®p. G-Xm-\pw h¿-j- ߃ ska- n\- mc- n {]h- ¿Ø- n®- X- v s]c- pº- n≈- n knw- lm-k-\ ]-f-fn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]n-∂o-Sv a-te-°p-cn- in-te-°v am‰n. C-t∏mƒ ap-f-¥pcp-Øn sh-´n-°¬ B-Wv sk-an-\m-cn {]-h¿-Øn°p-∂-Xv. 1974 s^{- _ph- c- n 24˛\- mW- v s]c- pº- n≈- n Xnc- p ta\- n F∂- d- nb- s- ∏´- nc- p∂- tUm. Koh- ¿K- ok- v tam¿ {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv sa-{Xm-t∏m-en-Ø-bpw, tXm-a-kv tam¿ Zn-h-∂m-kn-tbm-kv (Im-ew-sN-bv- -X t{i-jv- -T _-tk-en-tbm-kv- - tXm-a-kv {]-Y-a≥ Im-tXm-en-° _m-h) sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bpw hm-gn-°-s∏-´-Xv. s]-cp-º-≈n Xn-cp-ta-\n \-S-Øn-b c-≠m-a-sØ ]- ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ tPmk^v tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øsb t{ijvT _mh ame AWn-bn®v BZ-cn-°p-∂p.
´w-sIm-S ip-{iq-j a-™-\n-°-c Z-b-dm-bn¬ B- bnc- p∂- p. \Ω- ps- S I¿Ø- mh- ns- ‚ a\- pj- ymh- X- mc- w kw-_-‘n-® k-Zv-hm¿-Ø K-{_n-tb¬ am-em-J a-dn-bm-an-s\ A-dn-bn-®-Xn-s\ A-\p-kv- -a-cn-°p-∂ c-≠v Zn-h-k-߃ D-≠v. h-N-\n-∏v s]-cp-∂mfpw, hN-\n∏v Rmb-dm-gvN-bpw. h-N-\n-∏v s]-cp-∂mƒ am¿-®v 25 \m-Wv k-` B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Zn-\w an-°-t∏m-gpw t\m-ºn-s‚ Zn-h-k-ß-fn-tem, I„- vS- m\- p`- h- hmg- vN- b- nt- em Bb- nc- n°- pw. kpt- _m- tdm (h-N-\n-∏v) s]-cp-∂mƒ Zp:J sh-≈n-bm-gv-® h∂- m¬, cmh- ns- e hni- p≤- Ip¿∫- m\- b- v°- - v- tij- w am-{X-ta A-∂-sØ {]-tXy-I ip-{iq-j-Iƒ \-S- Øm-hq F-∂m-Wv \n-b-aw. A-{X-am-{Xw {]m-[m\y- am-Wv am¿-®v 25\v kp-dn-bm-\n k-` \¬-Ip-∂-Xv. 1974 am¿-®v 25 \v h-N-\n-∏v s]-cp-∂mƒ Zn-h-kw 23 t]¿°- v sshZ- nI- , si∑- mi- v ]´- ß- ƒ \¬I- s- ∏´- p. 23 t]-cn¬ G-‰-hpw C-f-b h-b- p-Im-c≥ 13 h-b- p-≈ tPm-k-^v si-Ωm-i≥ B-bn-cp-∂p. ]-Øv h¿-j-߃-°v ti-jw 1984 am¿-®v 25 \v h-N-\n-∏v s]-cp-∂mƒ Zn-\w t{i-jvT Im-tXm-en-° _-tk- en-tbm-kv ]u-tem-kv Zzn-Xo-b≥ _m-h tPm-k-^v si-Ωm-i-∂v I-io-» ]-´w \¬-In. _mw•q¿ ]≈n hnIm-cn-bmbn \nb-an-®p. _mw•- q¿ sk‚v tac- ok- v ]≈- n hnI- mc- nsb∂- \n-e-bn-ep-≈ {]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\v ti-jw D-]-cn-]T- \m¿-∞w A-b¿e- ≠nt- e°- v t]mb- n. C°- me- b- f- - Ct∏mg- sØ ]cni- p≤ ]m{Xnb- ¿°okv _mhbpw tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw Uªn≥ bqWn-th-gvkn- ‰n-bn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ
hn¬ Cw•- ≠- n¬ sk‚v tXm-a-kv ]-≈n B-cw-`n- ®v hn-Im-cn-bm-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®p. 1991˛¬ A-ta-cn- °-bn¬ F-Øn-b tPm-k-^v I-io-»m ]T-\w Xp- S¿-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w hn-hn-[ ssZ-hm-e-b-ß-fn¬ ip- {iq-j sN-bv-Xp. 1993 Un-kw-_-dn¬ sIm-®n `-Zm- ................................................................................................................................ 111 kap-Zm-b-]-{XnI
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