t∏m-eo-Ø-bv-°v e-`n-°pw F-∂v hn-izm-kn-I-fpw s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-hpw hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-∂p. F-∂m¬ 54˛mw h-b- n¬ sIm-®p-Xn-cp-a-ta-\n Im-ew sN- bv-Xp. A-∂v ]-cn-ip-≤ ]-cp-a-e Xn-cp-ta-\n-°v e- `y-a-√m-sX t]m-b a-e-¶-c k-`m km-c-Yyw C-∂v F-Øn-t®¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv ]-cp-a-e Xn-cp-ta-\n -bps- S ]nX- rk- t- lmZ- c- s- ‚ ]u{- Xs- ‚ ]p{- X\- mW- v. \-Ωp-sS ]q¿-Δn-I ]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ B-in-®n-´v \-S- °m-sX-t]m-b A-kp-e-`-`m-Kyw, C-∂v \n-d-th-dp- ∂-Xv Im-Wp-hm≥ C-S-bm-Ip-∂-Xv \-Ωp-sS `m- Kya- mI- mw. ]q¿Δ- ]nX- m°- ∑- m¿ Db- ¿Ø- n∏- nS- n®- ]-cn-ip-≤ A-t¥ym-Jym knw-lm-k-\ hn-t[-b- Xz-hpw, _-‘-hpw B-N-{μ-Xm-cw Xp-S-cm≥ ]p-Xn-b _m-hm Xn-cp-ta-\n-°v km-[n-°-s´. a-e-¶-c-bp-sS tam-i F-∂ t]-cn-\v A¿-l-\m- b, k-Xy-hn-izm-k-kw-c-£-I-\m-b bm-t°m-_v _p¿tZmt- \m F∂- ÿm\- \- ma- w Ae- ¶- c- n®- t{i- jvT _-tk-en-tbm-kv tXm-a-kv {]-Y-a≥ Im-tXm- en-° _m-h-bp-sS ]n≥-Km-an-°v ap-ºn¬ kp-J- ioX- fna- t- bm, a\- i- m¥- n°- v A\- pt- bmP- ya- mb- A- hÿ-b-√ D-≈-Xv. ]o-U-\-ß-fp-tS-bpw, hy-h-lm- cß-fp-tS-bpw, ]-c-º-c-Iƒ a-dp-`m-Kw D-b¿-Øn- tb°mw. ]-g-b-\n-b-a Im-ew A-\p-kv-a-cn-®m¬ knw-l°p-gn-bn-epw, Xo-®p-f-bn-epw A-I-s∏-t´- °mw. ap-ºn¬ sN-¶-S-epw ]n-∂n¬ ^-d-thm-s‚ ssk-\yß-fpw h-t∂-°mw. am-\p-jn-I-am-b \n- cm-i-bpw, k-¶-S-hpw h-∂v `-hn-t®-°mw. ]p-Xn-b \n-b-a-{]-Im-cw ]m-ºp-I-sf-t∏m-se _p-≤n-bpw, {]m-hp-I-sf-t∏m-se ]-c-am¿-∞-X-bp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn- cn-°-W-sa-∂ th-Z-`m-Kw C-∂pw {]-k-‡-am-Wv. k-`-bp-sS k-Xyhn-izm-k-Øn-\v tIm-´w h-cm-sX hy-h-lm-c-c-lnX-hpw k-am-[m-\ ]q¿-Æ-hp-am-b hmK- Zv- Ø- t- Zi- Ø- v bmt- °m_- mb- k`- s- b FØ- n- °p-hm≥ A-`n-\-h _m-h Xn-cp-ta-\n°- v km[- n- °s- ´. ""\ns- ‚ ssZh- amb- I¿Ø- mh- v \o t]mI- p- t∂S- s- Ø√- mw \nt- ∂mSpI- qs- S D≈- X- v sIm-≠v i- ‡n-bpw, ss[-cy-hp-ap≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°; `-b-s∏-S- cp-Xv; {`-an-°p-I-bpw A-cp-Xv F-∂v Rm≥ \n-t∂m- Sv I¬-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p (tbm-ip-h 1:9). Cu thZ- h- mI- yw t{ij- vT ]nX- mt- h Aß- s- b ap-tºm-´v \-bn-°-s´. _m-sd-Iv-tam¿.
k-\ sa-{Xm-t∏men-Ø-bm-bn Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- ´p. 1994 P-\p-h-cn 14˛-\v d-ºm≥ ÿm-\-hpw, 16˛- \v sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø ÿm-\-hpw \¬-In-b-Xv ]p- Wy-t«m-I-\m-b C-·mØn-tbm-kv k-Jm {]-Y- a≥ ]m-Xn-b¿-°o-kv _m-h-bm-Wv. 1994 P-\p-h-cn 23˛-\v B-bn-cp-∂p Xn-c-ta-\n-bp-sS ÿm-\m-tcm- l-Ww. A-∂v ap-X¬ sIm-®n- `-{Zm-k-\ sa-{Xm- t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bpw, k-`-bn-se hn-hn-[ B-fln- b {]-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS {]-knU‚m-bpw, ]-cn-ip-≤ kp∂- l- t- Zmk- v sk{- I´- d- nbmb- pw, ae- ¶- c- sa{- Xm- t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bpw, Im-tXm-en-° _m-h-bp-sS A- kn-kv-‰‚m-bpw {]-h¿-Øn-®v h-c-sh-bm-Wv ]p-Xn- b \n-tbm-Kw tPm-k-^v tam¿ {Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-kv sa-{Xm-t∏m-en-Ø-sb tX-Sn-sbØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k-`m ip-{iq-j-bn¬ A-º-Xne-[n-Iw h¿-j-߃ \¬-In-b A-\p-`-h-ß-fp-sS Xo-®q-f-bn¬ kv-^p- Sw sN-bv-sX-Sp-°-s∏-´ hy-‡nXz-Øn-\v ssZ-h- ln-X-{]-Im-cw e-`n-®-Xm-Wv Im-tXmen-° ÿm- \w. Xn-cp-ta-\n-sb Im-tXm-en-° ÿm-\-tØ-°p- b¿-Øp-∂ ip-{iq-j-bp-sS Xo-b-Xn ]-cn-ip-≤ ]m- {Xn-b¿-°o-kv _m-h \n-›-bn-®-Xv am¿-®v 25 \v hN- \- n∏- v s]c- p∂- mƒ Zn\- w Bs- W∂- X- v ssZh- nI- \nt- bmK- Ø- ns- ‚ `mK- a- mW- v. 1974 am¿®- v 25\v ssZ- hn-I ip-{iq-j-bv-°m-bn Xn-cp-ta-\n kz-bw k-a¿- ∏n-®-Xn-s‚ A-º-Øn-sbm-∂mw hm¿-jn-I Zn-h- kw, A-Xpw 2025 se kp-t_m-tdm s]-cp-∂mƒ Zn-h-kw kp-dn-bm-\n k-`-bp-sS Im-tXm-en-° Bbn hmg- n°- s- ∏S- p∂- X- n¬ Nc- n{- XØ- ns- ‚ AX- y- ]q¿-Δ-X Iq-Sn \-ap-°v Z¿-in-°mw. bm-t°m-_m- b kp-dn-bm-\n k-`-bn-se t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ H-cp X-e-ap-d-am-‰-hpw Iq-Sn C-tXm-sSm-∏w kw-`-hn-°p- ∂p. G-s‰-Sp-Ø Np-a-X-e-I-fn¬ F-√mw hn-iz- k-Xv- -X-tbm-sS {]-h¿Øn-®v ap-t∂-dn-b {Kn-tKm- dn-tbm-kv- - Xn-cp-ta-\n-°v ]p-Xn-b Np-a-X-e ssZ- hm-{i-b-tØm-sS \n-h¿-Øn°p-hm≥ km-[n-°- s´ F-∂m-iw-kn-°p-∂p. ]-cnip-≤ A-t¥ym-Jy knw-lm-k-\-Øn-s‚ ap-∂-Wn∏-S-bm-fn-I-fm-bn- cp∂- ]c- ni- p≤- ]c- pa- e- Xnc- pt- a\nb- pw, ]c- ni- p≤- Be- ph- mb- ns- e he- nb- Xnc- pt- a\nb- pw, ]pW- yt- «m- I-\m-b s]-cp-ºn-≈n Xn-cp-ta\n-bpw tam¿ {Ko- tKm-dn-tbm-kv sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øbp-sS Im-tXm-en- ° ÿm-\m-tcm-l-W-Øn¬ k-t¥m-jn-°p-∂p- ≠m-Ip-sa-∂v \-ap-°v I-cp-Xmw. ]p-en-t°m-´n¬ h-en-b Xn-cp-ta-\n-°v ti-jw a-e-¶-c k-`-bp-sS km-c-Yyw ]-cp-a-e tam¿ {Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-kv sa-{Xm-
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