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by James O. Henry Chairman, History Department, Biela College
world newsgrams
nals the time for migration to begin, more or less independently of exter nal factor. The truth probably rests in all these possibilities. Apparently the migratory instinct is one that was given birds when they were created, and it seems to work perfectly. Pontiff Attends Byzantine Mass Pope John XXIII performed a ges ture of goodwill toward the Eastern Orthodox churches recently by at tending a solemn high mass in the Byzantine-Slavic rite in St. Peter’s Basilica. Masses in the Byzantine- Slavic rite have been celebrated in St. Peter’s previously. However, on this occasion the Pope spoke certain words in ancient Slavic. The last simi lar occurrence on record was in 1867, when Pope Hadrian II placed on St. Peter’s altar the liturgical books in the Slavic language that had been prepared by St. Cyril and St. Meth odius. Cyril and Methodius, the ninth century “ apostles of the Slavs,” are credited with having devised the Cyrillic alphabet still used in Rus sia. The Pope, it was said, ordered that the mass be celebrated to show Rome’s solicitude toward the Eastern churches. This is but another step in the direction of union of the Eastern Orthodox Church with the Roman Church. Soviet Lead Seen In A Space Study A Government report said recently the Russians might lead the West in the study of the effects of cosmic radi ation on life in outer space.” “ But,” the report added, “ they are five to ten years behind the West in certain aspects of experimental cosmic ray physics.” The report was prepared by an unidentified agency, apparent ly the Central Intelligence Agency, and distributed by the Commerce De partment. It said Soviet work on radi ation from space “ does not have the breadth, flexibility and imagination of the Western efforts in this field.” But, the Commerce Department said, “ the report recognizes the likelihood of a Soviet lead over the West in the study of the effects of cosmic rays on organisms because they have had available rocket vehicles and effective propulsion systems enabling them to use animals to test life-sustaining sys tems in space to a greater degree than have the scientists in other countries.”
Scarcity of Priests In The Congo The Roman Catholic Church now counts about one-third of the Congo’s 14,000,000 people among its adherents but faces a difficult task in trying to strengthen their faith. The Catholic Church is the largest in this former Belgian colony, with about 4,800,000 members. There are about 1,000,000 Protestants and about 5,000,000 Moslems. Conversions to Catholicism in the 1957-1959 period totaled more than 500,000. But this fast growth presents problems, said the Rev. Gas ton Mojaisky-Perelli, Apostolic Dele gate to the Congo. “ The very successes in making such large numbers of con versions contain the seeds of weak ness,” he remarked. “We now have missions serving thousands of Cath olics with perhaps only two or three priests to care for the faithful.” Mis sionaries run hospitals, c l i n i c s , schools, leprosariums, homes for the aged, and orphanages and have so many duties that they haven’t the time to “work in depth,” he added. Birds Time Exodus By Builf-ln Clock The fall migration is over. Fat laden birds from all over the United States have flown southward, answer ing an inner urge to leave their birth places and breeding grounds for a trip into the unknown. These birds do not know that a cold winter awaits them if they stay north. The young birds of the year could not know of winter, while the adults of most mi gratory species have never passed a winter in the north to witness the icy spectacle. It is commonly believed that the arrival of cool weather starts the migration, and this is true enough for some species. But many North American migrants depart for the south long before the first break in the weather. Another trigger that has been proposed is length of day. Cer tain birds, for example the Oregon junco, have been forced into migra tory condition in midwinter by alter ing the amount of light received each day. Thus, the shortening of the day with autumn’s approach might set off the pattern of migration. But because birds also migrate from the tropics where the amount of daylight scarce ly varies through the year, some scientists support the theory that a “ biological clock” within a bird sig
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