United Kingdom
2.3.2. The EU’s 2021 adequacy decision for the UK has a review date of late 2025; at the time of writing, the EU has proposed renewing the adequacy decision for a further 6 years. Scope of Application 3.1. Legislative scope The scope of the UK GDPR is in all material respects identical to that of the EU GDPR. 3.1.1. Personal data is defined (Art 1 UK GDPR) as information relating to an identified or identifiable living natural person, including indirect identifiers, when combined with other information reasonably likely to be used. No distinction is drawn between data held manually or electronically, or between personal data on consumers and personal data relating to commercial activity. 3.1.2. Special category data is defined (Art 9 UK GDPR) to include personal data relating to health, biometric identifiers used for identification, genetic data, racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, sex life or sexual orientation. Data relating to criminal convictions is treated in the same way as special category data. 3.1.3. Art 5 UK GDPR sets out seven key principles regarding processing of personal data, and these are expanded in detailed provisions detailed below:
3.1.3.1. Lawfulness, fairness and transparency 3.1.3.2 Purpose limitation 3.1.3.3 Data minimisation 3.1.3.4 Accuracy 3.1.3.5 Storage limitation 3.1.3.6 Integrity and confidentiality (security) 3.1.3.7 Accountability 3.1.4. One key definition pertaining to personal data and its processing: Processing is any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction (Art 5 UK GDPR). 3.2. Exemptions 3.2.1. Processing for domestic purposes (personal or household activity) falls outside the scope of UK GDPR. 3.2.2. Limited exemptions exist for journalistic, academic, artistic, and literary purposes under balancing tests. 3.2.3. Separate regimes govern law enforcement and national security processing. 3.2.4. Specific exemptions restrict transparency and rights of the data subject where necessary (e.g., regulatory functions, legal privilege, management forecasts, negotiations).
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