United Kingdom
4.1.3. Joint Controllers: Two or more controllers that jointly determine purposes and means of processing must transparently allocate responsibilities via an arrangement and make the main points available to data subjects. 4.1.4. Data Subject: The identified or identifiable individual to whom personal data relates. Data subjects benefit from a suite of rights and safeguards intended to provide transparency and control over their personal data. 4.1.5. UK Representative (where required): A locally designated UK contact for controllers or processors not established in the UK but caught by the UK GDPR due to offering goods or services to, or monitoring the behaviour of, individuals in the UK. The representative facilitates communication with data subjects and the ICO. 4.1.6. Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO): The independent supervisory authority responsible for guidance, supervision, investigations, corrective orders and administrative fines under UK GDPR, and for approving codes of conduct and certification schemes. 4.1.7. Data Protection Officer (DPO): A role required in specified circumstances (e.g., public authorities or bodies; organisations whose core activities involve large ‑ scale monitoring or large ‑ scale processing of special category or
3.3. Territorial and extra ‑ territorial application 3.3.1. UK GDPR applies to: 3.3.1.1. controllers and processors established in the UK; and 3.3.1.1. controllers and processors outside the UK who offer goods or services to individuals in the UK or monitor the behaviour of those individuals (Art 3 UK GDPR). 3.3.2. PECR has no specific territorial provisions, but in practice, if electronic marketing uses personal data, use in breach of PECR is likely to also breach UK GDPR, and be caught by the principles set out in 3.3.1. Controller: The organisation or individual that determines the purposes and means of processing personal data, and bears primary accountability for compliance, including selecting lawful bases, upholding rights, and ensuring processors are appropriately engaged and supervised. 4.1.2. Data Processor: A separate organisation that processes personal data on behalf of a controller under documented instructions. Processors must implement appropriate security, assist the controller with rights and DPIAs, maintain records, and permit audits; they may be directly liable for certain infringements. Legislative Framework 4.1. Key stakeholders 4.1.1. Data
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