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ERASMUS DARWIN
T h e n a m e o f Charles Darwin is familiar to all, but probably few people today know anything about his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin. In his own day Erasmus Darwin was a famous man, both as a physician and as a writer. His renown was 90 great that the King of England, George III, invited him to be his personal physi cian. This honor was declined by Dr. Darwin. The reason for rejecting this invitation from his king seems to have been, as C. D. Davenport of Oxford University has suggested, that he wished to devote his time to scien tific writing. The writing of Dr. Dar win had to do with evolution, and it was well known at that time. It was translated into German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian and reprinted a number of times. The term “Darwinism” was coined to re fer to his evolutionary theories, and only later it was used to refer to the ideas of his grandson, Charles Dar win. Professor Davenport has pointed out that Erasmus Darwin published the ideas for which his grandson later was given credit. (It was Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, rather than the supporting evidence which he collected, that is said to have caused the scientific world to accept evolution.) But Charles Dar win did not give credit to his grand father. He referred to him only once, and that was in a footnote to the Historical Sketch, which he wrote for the third edition of his Origin of Species. He wrote, “It is curious how largely my grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, anticipated the views and erroneous grounds of opinion of Lamarck . . .” It is curious that he did not mention that his grandfather had published the concept of natural selection, and even more curious that Charles Darwin himself later aban doned to a large extent the natural selection theory — the only part of his evolutionary theory which is still held by scientists today — and not only embraced the theory of Lamarck, which he had formerly despised, but carried it further than Lamarck had dared to go with it. Charles Darwin stated that the in spiration for the natural selection
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theory had come from reading the essay on population by Thomas Mal- thus. Professor Darlington believes that Malthus got his inspiration from Erasmus Darwin. Conway Zirkle, in turn, presents evidence that Erasmus Darwin got the idea originally from Benjamin Franklin. To complicate matters still more, Lauren Eiseley found evidence that Charles Darwin first thought about natural selection when he read an article by Edward Blyth in a scientific journal. Darling ton and Eiseley believe that he attrib uted his inspiration to Malthus be cause he did not wish to give credit for originality to his grandfather nor to a rival scientist. We may never be certain about these things and they may not seem important, but Profes sor Davenport, himself a thorough-go ing evolutionist, shows that this be havior is in keeping with the charac ter of Charles Darwin, though con trary to the popular belief about his character. Darlington says that one of the vices of Charles Darwin was “a flexible strategy which is not to be reconciled with even average in tellectual integrity . . . Darwin was slippery.” The fame of Dr. Erasmus Darwin was brief, for even in his own life time public opinion turned against him. Garrett Hardin attributes this to the growing evangelical movement, led by John Wesley. Today, as then, the gospel will discredit evolution or evolution will discredit the gospel. They cannot coexist unless one or the other or both are redefined to mean something else. This is being done right now, and Christians must be especially alert so as not to be deceived. The later life of Erasmus Darwin was clouded by scandal, and this is sometimes given as a possible reason why his grandson refused to mention him favorably. At any rate, we can not help believing that things would have been different in his life if he had not refused when called by his king to serve him. From this we can draw an obvious object lesson. Certain inadvertent mistakes have changed the meaning in some past articles. Upon receipt of a self-addressed stamped envelope, a list of correc tions and notes will be sent free. Address: Biology Department. Biola College, 13800 Biola Ave., I .a Mirada, California.
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