62 | Statistical Review | 2022
Countries Where two-letter country codes are used, they are those used by the European Union to refer to member and associated states. Where three-letter country codes are used, they are those listed in ISO 3166 alpha-3. The only exception is Saudi Arabia, as SAU, for clarity. Greenhouse Gases Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ): the most significant GHG emitted in the UK. CO 2 contributes to climate change due to its positive radiative forcing effect. Fuel combustion contributed to 96% of CO 2 emissions in 2018. Methane (CH 4 ): the second most significant GHG emitted in the UK. CH 4 contributes to climate change due to its positive radiative forcing effect. Major sources include enteric fermentation, landfilling of wastes, and leakage from the gas distribution system. (DEFRA 2022) Air Pollutants 1,3-Butadiene (C 4 H 6 ): A type of NMVOC. C 4 H 6 emissions are of concern due to their effects on human health, specifically causing irritation to the eyes, throat, and lungs, and are carcinogens. C 4 H 6 is released due to fuel combustion. Transport and industry are major source of C 4 H 6 emissions. Benzene (C 6 H 6 ): A type of NMVOC. C 6 H 6 emissions are of concern due to their effects on human health, specifically they cause difficulty thinking, changes to heart function, decrease blood cell formation, and are carcinogens. Petrol vapour and transport emissions are major sources of C 6 H 6 emissions.
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